Monday, September 30, 2019

Environmental Impact And Pollution Control In Kenya Environmental Sciences Essay

Presently the Kenyan family sector is wholly dependent on kerosine and wood coal and in rare instances on solar power. Use of kerosine and firewood are inefficient usage of fuel in Kenya. They are already high in scarceness value and expensive therefore a cheaper and cleaner option is necessary. The proposed undertaking activity is a biomass based power undertaking. These classs of undertakings do necessitate an environmental impact analysis to be performed under the bing NEMA ordinances and obtain environment licence. The operation of the power works produces emanations, waste H2O and solid wastes such as boiler ash. Impact of release of pollutants is planned as follows to minimise the impact. Turbo Generator and Auxiliaries: The system consists of one multistage steam turbine coupled with an electric generator, air cooled capacitor, air ouster system for air cooled capacitor, condensate pumps, lubricating oil and regulating oil system. Controls and instrumentality are provided as per the demands. The proposed biomass based power works, will hold one no. 10.0 MW turbo generator. The turbine is provided with devices to safeguard against over velocity, low steam recess force per unit area, high axial motion of the shaft, low lubricant oil force per unit area, high capacitor vacuity, inordinate quiver etc. Power coevals will be 10.0 MW during the operation. The Auxiliary power ( Home burden ) demand will be 0.9 MW. The balance power 9.1 MW will be exported to KPLC grid. Emergency Power System consists of 1 No. DG Set of 250 kVA is provided to do available exigency power supply to the station in instance of black out. The entire demand of natural H2O for this unit will be 256 KLD. The full natural H2O demand for the unit will be met from dug good and bore good inside and outside the mill premises. This will guarantee that the natural H2O catchment countries are preserved and the belowground H2O is used alternatively. The acidic wastewaters generated during regeneration of cautiousness and assorted bed money changers and alkalic wastewaters generated during regeneration of anions and assorted bed money changers of dematerialized H2O works will be led into a neutralisation cavity. These wastewaters are self neutralizing but commissariats will be made for concluding pH accommodation before disposal. Wastewater GenerationS. NoParticularsWastewater Generated m3/hrMethod of Treatment1 Sewage 2.0 Septic armored combat vehicle with Dispersion trench 2 Softener regeneration & A ; DM Plant 0.3 Neutralization armored combat vehicle 3 Filter back wash/ R.O cull 0.55 Waste Water Storage Tank 4 Boiler blow down 2.46 5 Cooling tower blow down 1.159 Since, the little measure of effluent will be generated from domestic uses, the opportunities of taint of dirt will be nil. Wastewater drained from the intervention works is pumped to a neutralisation cavity to keep PH as prescribed by Pollution Control norms. The blow down H2O from boiler will be assorted with chilling tower to convey down the temperature to ambient degree. The sewerage from the assorted power works edifices will be taken to a common infected armored combat vehicle through trenches for safer disposal. The H2O used in the surface capacitor will be cooled in a chilling tower. Blow down from the chilling tower will be trenched out and eventually conveyed to the wastewater cavity. The vacant country in the industry will be used for tree plantation to better the environing environment of the industry.AshThe chief solid waste from the proposed Power Plant will be ash ( Fly ash and Bottom ash ) by the burning of fuel in boiler which will be about 35 tons/day which includes the bottom ash, ash collected in the ESP ash hoppers. The boiler will be sized to bring forth 45 tph steam under normal conditions. The proposed boiler will be chiefly bio-mass fired single-drum, perpendicular type balanced bill of exchange with a furnace holding going grate type furnace. The boiler will dwell of air pre-heater, economiser, evaporators, super-heaters, fuel fire equipment, built-in piping, flue gas ducting with enlargement articulations, back uping constructions, platforms and paseos, etc. The fire system consists of a going grating, air plenum, modulating dampers and ash discharges valve. The going grating is driven by a hydraulic agreement and the tie bars of the travelling gratings are made of dramatis personae Fe, to defy the heat from the combustion. The burning air to the grating is supplied from the bottom plenum hoppers and the air is controlled by the air dampers. The discharge terminal of the grating discharges the ash into a H2O impounded hopper. The shifting are collected in the plenum hopper and discharged by an air lock valve. Based on preliminary estimations, the maximal one-year coevals of ash from boiler operation is 2.5 tons/hr, based on 100 per centum Prosopis juliflora fire. Fly ash constitutes the major portion, accounting for 75 % of entire coevals, the balance being bottom ash. The fly ash will be utilized for land filling, Brick doing or Cement blending, for route edifice stuff and for husbandmans, who can utilize the ash as manure for the harvests, and besides through heavy stage pneumatic handling system with fly ash silos which have a capacit y to hive away 1 hebdomad coevals of ash. The ash will be transported through trucks and the roads will be asphalted within the works country.Environmental pollution and controlNoiseNoise Level Survey: The first aim of noise monitoring in the survey country is to measure the baseline noise and measure the impact of the entire noise expected to be generated by proposed undertaking. The inside informations of the expected noise monitoring locations as per surveies on other similar undertakings are that noise degrees during twenty-four hours clip were found to be in the scope 52.6 – 48.3 dubnium. The maximal noise degree was observed to be 52.6 dubnium at the Nalli, India and a lower limit of 48.3 dubnium was observed at Alavattam, India. Noise degrees observed to fall in the scope 48.6- 46.5 dubnium during the dark clip. A upper limit of 48.6 dubnium was observed at the Nalli, India and a lower limit of 46.5 dubnium at Alavattam, India. Equipment will conform to resound degrees prescribed by regulative governments. Adequate noise control steps will be provided to fulfill the ambient noise degree criterions prescribed by NEMA. Noise absorbing stuffs will be used in the building of roofs, walls, floors and in the generators. Provision of acoustic enclosures to resound bring forthing equipments like pumps will be installed ; major noise-producing equipments such as turbo generator compressors are to be provided with suited noise suspensions. Provision of thick greenway to rarefy the noise degrees will be made. Safety equipment for noise like ear muffs and other protective devises will be provided to the staff working near noise coevals beginning. The pollution control steps planned for the works will guarantee that it has the least inauspicious impact on the environment.AirThe undertaking is techno economically feasible, based on the assorted proficient and fiscal analyses for bring forthing power utilizing bio-mass. During the growing of workss, CO2 in the air is absorbed through photosynthesis. The same measure of CO2 will be released on combustion, and will be once more absorbed while turning ( juliflora workss ) . Branchs of juliflora will be cut, go forthing the root for the future growing. Although there will be some emanations from the combustion procedure itself, the undertaking will gain significant C credits as the complete C rhythm is calculated from the O generated by the Prosopis while it is turning until it is eventually burned. In this manner the procedure is impersonal and qualifies for C recognition from the developed states. By the way this is gross for the biomass power coevals works. The measure of CO2 for a 10 MW power works is about 51,500tonnes/year. Please advice on the highlighted portion. Biomass energy coevals, if done in a sustainable manner, would greatly cut down emanations of nurseries gases. The sum of C dioxide released when biomass is burned is really about the same as the sum required to refill the workss grown to bring forth the biomass. Therefore, in a sustainable fuel rhythm, there will be no net emanations of C dioxide, although some fossil-fuel inputs will be required for planting, reaping, transporting, and treating biomass. Efficient cultivation and transition procedures will used and the resulting emanations will be little ( around 20 % of the emanations created by fossil fuels entirely ) . Besides if the energy needed to bring forth and treat biomass comes from renewable beginnings in the first topographic point, so the net part to planetary heating will be zero. Draft System and Electro-Static Precipitator: The boiler will be equipped with one figure of forced bill of exchange fan, secondary air ( SA ) fan and induced bill of exchange fan. The FD & A ; SA fans will provide the needed burning air to the boiler. The flue gases generated in the boiler will be evacuated by the ID fan and the capacity and caput of FD fan will be selected sing maximal air that would be required for the fuel fire manners. In the same manner, ID fan will besides be selected based on the maximal fluke gas generated in any of the fuel firing manners under consideration. The boiler is connected to an electro-static precipitator, which will take the dust and ash atoms from the fluke gas, before the ID fan could manage it. The efficiency of the precipitator will be 99.9 % and the dust concentration at the mercantile establishment of the ESP will be less than 100.0 mg/Nm3. Control of land degree concentration of SO2 emitted will be achieved by supplying a stack at suffici ent tallness of 65 m for scattering. The unit will put in an electrostatic precipitator at the issue of boilers so as to restrict the suspended particulate affair and accomplish the criterions prescribed by NEMA. Electrostatic precipitator of 99.9 % efficiency will be installed to restrict the SPM concentrations below100 mg/Nm3. A stack of 55-m tallness will be provided for wider scattering of gaseous emanations. Avoidance of methane emanations due to disintegrate and de-gradation of the biomass waste is besides necessary. The company intends to put out an attack of CO2 neutrality in production and use of bio- mass for heat and power coevals every bit good as avoiding CO2 emanations from the dodo fuels for the corresponding demand. A burning engineering path is selected for the power works, where bio-mass is burnt as fuel in a steam generator to bring forth high force per unit area steam which is so expanded in a steam turbine to bring forth power. This will in consequence neutralize the CO2 emanations. The design of fuel handling system, affecting biomass fuels is based on the estimated measures of one-year fuel demands. Fuels will be received at the site by route. Adequate route installations will be provided to manage the road-bound vehicles on a day-to-day peak footing. The fuels geting at site by different types of vehicles such as trucks, tractor dawdlers etc. will be weighed on a cavity less type electronic route weighbridge provided in the works premises. The CO2 emanations from these conveyance vehicles will be later absorbed by the juliflora workss. Conveyor belt will be closed to forestall dust coevals and H2O scattering system will be provided at the stuff handling and storage yard so as to fulfill the Ambient Air Quality/emission criterions prescribed by NEMA. Well maintained greenbelt covering 25 % of the land country will be provided to collar the fleeting emanations.DirtIt has been observed that the pH of the dirt ranged from 6.6 -6.7 bespeaking that the dirts are acidic to somewhat alkaline. Dirts are chiefly clay loams with alluvial sedimentations derived from third / quaternate volcanic and pyroclastic stone deposits that have been weathered and eroded from the highlands. They contain high degrees of P, K, Ca and Mg and low degrees of N and C. The dirt from the survey country shows chair to good birthrate. By transporting out a replantation of the Prosopis on the cleared land so the dirt birthrate will be improved and maintained. Although energy harvests will be grown without pesticide and fertiliser, large-scale energy agriculture could however take to additions in chemical usage merely because more land would be under cultivation. Dirts could be depleted of organic content and foods unless attention is taken to go forth adequate wastes behind. These concerns point up the demand for ordinance and monitoring of energy harvest development and waste usage.EcologyThe major environmental impact of biomass energy may be that of loss of biodiversity. Transforming natural ecosystems into energy plantations with a really little figure of harvests, every bit few as one, can drastically cut down the biodiversity of a part. There are no wild life sanctuaries/parks within 20 km radius of the undertaking site. Besides because of the bald land, wildlife is rather scarce with the most common animate beings being the ostrich and dik dik. However serpents are in copiousness. The records of Forest Department of Kenya did non b espeak presence of any high endemic or vulnerable species in this country. The natural workss which are chiefly shrubs and acacia trees will non be affected by the undertakings routine. The out agriculturists will be trained on how to place and avoid these natural works species. Please advice if this portion is adequately addressed. This will take to increasing the sum of forest wood harvested for energy and could supply an inducement for the forest-products industry to pull off its resources more expeditiously, and therefore better forest wellness. But it could besides supply an alibi to work woods in an unsustainable manner. Biomass energy production involves one-year crops or periodic remotions of trees from the land. These crops and remotions will be at degrees that are sustainable, i.e. , surety that current usage does non consume the land ‘s ability to run into future demands, and besides be done in ways that do n't degrade other of import indexs of sustainability. Because biomass markets may affect new or extra remotions of trees, we will be careful to minimise impacts from whatever extra demands biomass growing or harvest home makes on the land. Unfortunately, commercial woods have non ever been soundly managed, and many people view with dismay the chance of increased wood cutting. Their concerns can be met by tighter authorities controls on forestry patterns and by following the rules of â€Å" first-class † forestry. If such rules are applied, it should be possible to pull out energy from woods indefinitely.Greenbelt DevelopmentGreenbelt will be developed inside the mill premises covering a entire country of approximately 10.5 estates. The unit will besides develop the nearby country around the industry for greenway. The inter-spaces will be laid with bush. The inter-space between trees planted will be approximately 5m. It is proposed to duplicate the tree denseness in future in conformity to the mill demands.Socio – EconomicOne other side consequence of turning trees for energy is that it will profit dirt quality and farm economic systems. Energy harvests will supply a steady auxiliary income for husbandmans in off-seasons and let them to work fresh land without necessitating much extra equipment. Furthermore, energy harvests will be used to stabilise cropland or rangeland prone to eroding and implosion therapy. Trees will be grown for several old ages before being harvested, and their roots and foliage litter will assist stabilise the dirt. The planting of coppicing, or self-regenerating, assortments will minimise the demand for riotous tilling and planting. This undertaking does non affect any supplanting of local people. Employment chances will be improved in the nearby small towns because of this proposed unit and this will supply indirect employment chances for more than 1000 households.Safety PPE ‘s -Operation and CareThe undermentioned steps will be provided to guarantee safety of the workers ; aˆ? Industrial safety helmets aˆ? Crash helmets aˆ? Face shield aˆ? Welders equipment for oculus and face protection aˆ? Cylindrical type earplug aˆ? Ear muffs aˆ? Canister gas mask aˆ? Self contained take a breathing setup aˆ? Leather apron aˆ? Boiler suit aˆ? Safety belt /line adult males safety belt aˆ? Leather manus baseball mitts aˆ? Canvas semen leather manus baseball mitts with leather thenar aˆ? Lead manus baseball mitt aˆ? Electrically tested electrical opposition manus baseball mitts and aˆ? Industrial safety places with steel toe.Environment, Safety and Health Monitoring ProgrammeThe Environment, Safety and Health-Monitoring Programme in the mill will be as follows: aˆ? Monthly Monitoring of Stack Emissions – SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX aˆ? Daily Monitoring of Water and Treated Water – pH, TDS, TSS, COD aˆ? Monitoring of Ambient Air – SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX & A ; CO, Noise and Work Place Air aˆ? Occupational Safety aˆ? Occupational HealthBudgetary allotment for Environmental ManagementClass Capital Investing Annual Operating Costss ( KES in 000 ‘ ) Air Pollution Management 125 1 Water and Wastewater Management 50 2 Solid Waste Management 50 5 Greenbelt 5 1 Environmental Monitoring and Training 5 1Entire23510Please advice on this tabular array. Is it necessary and are the figures about correct. Other impact of turning Prosopis Juliflora and utilizing it to bring forth energy include ; Fossil fuel cogeneration and C extenuation will be encouraged. The furnace and boiler will hold to be particularly modified to be able to bring forth steam at the high temperatures necessary for doing the works more energy efficient. Sustainability of a biomass power works will by and large depend on the engagement of the donees in footings of increased environmental consciousness by separating biomass power and conventional grid power. During the field study it was found out that really small environmental concerns exist among the villagers. This is non to intend that they are nescient of the negative impacts of deforestation, dirt eroding, and loss of biodiversity but that they are cognizant and are willing to turn to these impacts consequently. They are besides willing to portion the duty to works more trees in their land to counter consequence the negative impact that the power works may bring forth and to keep the sustainability. The key to successful biomass power development is to utilize the resources expeditiously in modern transition systems that maximize the energy produced and minimise the by-products of the transition processes. In modern times, the combination of improved technological efficiencies, scientific progresss, increased environmental-awareness and environmental protection ordinances have turned biomass transition into a cleaner, more efficient procedure. In position of the above, the undermentioned activities along the biomass value concatenation will necessitate consideration in an EIA: oˆ‚? any activity or construction out of character with its surrounding ; oˆ‚? major alterations in land usage ; oˆ‚? all roads in scenic, wooded or cragged countries and wetlands ; oˆ‚? railroad lines ; oˆ‚? oil and gas grapevines ; oˆ‚? H2O conveyance ; oˆ‚? river recreations and H2O transportation between catchments ; oˆ‚? boring for the intent of using land H2O resources ; oˆ‚? lumber harvest home ; oˆ‚? clearance of forest countries ; oˆ‚? re-afforestation and afforestation ; oˆ‚? large-scale agribusiness ; oˆ‚? usage of pesticides, including aerial crop-dusting ; oˆ‚? debut of new harvests ; oˆ‚? usage of fertilisers ; oˆ‚? irrigation ; oˆ‚? fertiliser industry or processing ; oˆ‚? oil refineries and petro-chemical plants ; oˆ‚? chemical plants and procedure workss ; oˆ‚? majority grain processing workss ; oˆ‚? direction of hydrocarbons including the storage of natural gas and combustible or explosive fuels ; oˆ‚? waste disposal, including: sites for solid waste disposal ; sites for risky waste disposal ; sewerage disposal works ; works affecting major atmospheric emanations ; works breathing violative olfactory properties. As required for execution of the undertaking activity, undertaking participants have studied the possibility of environmental impacts and conclude that no negative impacts are possible due to the undertaking activity. In fact, the undertaking activity contributes to minimise the environmental pollution due to fossil fuel based electricity coevals.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Dose Adjustment in Renal Disease

GENERAL APPROACHES FOR DOSE ADJUSTMENT IN RENAL DISEASE Renal insufficiency can markedly alter one or more of the pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug including oral bioavailability, volume of distribution, drug binding to plasma proteins, and most importantly the rates of metabolism and excretion, i. e. , drug clearance.. To minimize drug toxicity and maximize therapeutic benefits, it is often necessary to adjust drug dosage in proportion to the degree of renal insufficiency. A drug will most likely require dose adjustment in renal disease if: 1. A substantial fraction (> 40%) of the drug dose is excreted by the kidney either unchanged or as an active (or toxic) metabolites. 2. The drug or its active metabolite has a narrow therapeutic window such that drug accumulation cannot be tolerated. 3. The kidney is a major site for the inactivation of the drug. This applies mainly to peptides like insulin, glucagon, PTH, and imipenem. 4. There is a significant drop in the binding of the drug to plasma proteins. For instance, a decrease in the protein binding from 99 to 95% results in a fourfold rise in the unbound, active drug concentration. Dose adjustment may involve one or a combination of the following measures: 1. Extension of the dosing interval. 2. Reduction of the maintenance dose. 3. Administration of a loading dose. 4. Monitoring serum drug levels. FACTORS IN CHOOSING OF DOSE ADJUSTMENT APPROACH: Factors to consider when choosing appropriate dose adjustment approach are the class of drug ,the amplitude of the peak-trough fluctuation relative to the therapeutic index, magnitude of the dose with respect to the dose strength to be marketed and practicality of calculated dosing interval. Pharmacokinetic simulations can be especially helpful in visualizing the impact of various dose and interval changes and interval changes on the concentration time (C-T) profile at steady state. Reduced elimination of a drug prolongs its half life (t? ) as well as the time required for the serum level to reach a steady state (4 times t? ). Therefore, whenever it is clinically desirable to rapidly achieve a therapeutic steady state level a loading dose should administered. To maintain a therapeutic level and, at the same time, avoid drug accumulation and toxicity in a patient with reduced renal function, the clinician must consider reducing the size of the maintenance dose or the dosing frequency or both. In general, this reduction should also be proportional to the degree of renal impairment , but should also take into account adaptive or compensatory changes in the metabolism and excretion of the drug through non-renal routes. MAINTENANCE DOSE REDUCTION METHOD: The maintenance dose reduction method is used whenever a more constant (less oscillating) serum drug level is therapeutically preferable (e. . , ? -lactam antibiotics) Let us assume that one has already defined a safe and effective dose regimen for use in normal patients. This normal dose regimen is then adjusted according to dose fraction by two basic procedures. First method termed as constant interval, dose-reduction (DR) reduces the dose (D) by a factor of the dose fraction. Dose interval is the same as that used in the health person. D renal failure = D normal Kf t renal failure = t normal INTERVAL EXTENSION METHOD The second method referred to as constant dose, interval-extension(IE) extends dose interval by inverse of dose fraction, a value referred to as the dose interval multiplier : t renal failure = t normal (1/ kf) D renal failure = D normal This type of dose adjustment strategy may also be implemented through the use of a nomogram where the dosage interval multiplier for this IE regimen is simply read off a plot of creatinine clearance Interval extension method is used for drugs for which a constant serum level is either unnecessary (eg, vigabatrin) or undesirable (e. g. , aminoglycoside antibiotics). This method is also used for drugs that normally have long elimination t?. However, a combination of the two methods is often used. In addition, for a drug whose therapeutic serum level range is known and routinely measured, dosage adjustment is often guided by monitoring the serum drug level and the patient's response in terms of the therapeutic benefit and adverse drug reactions (toxic ity). Reference:: http://www. hedrugmonitor. com/RIT97. html http://books. google. com. pk/books? id=qXw33GaQF9IC=PA288=PA288=general+approaches+to+dose+adjustment+in+renal+patients=bl=IKsqNAp2nU=jglKfgGimUFQ_xBN9cGKPPRsC2E=en=CxbTStLaAo-QkQX1_N30Aw=X=book_result=result=7=0CCMQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage=general%20approaches%20to%20dose%20adjustment%20in%20renal%20patients=false http://www. gbv. de/du/services/toc/bs/380847361 http://books. google. com. pk/books? id=9324ILATCgMC=PA288=general+approaches+to+dose+adjustment+in+renal+DISEASE#v=onepage=general%20approaches%20to%20dose%20adjustment%20in%20renal%20DISEASE=false

Saturday, September 28, 2019

One Nation under Wal-Mart

There are more than 8,400 Wall-Mart stores worldwide. 140 million shoppers visit the U. S. Stores each week. 82% of American households purchase at least one item from Wall-Mart every year. Wall-Mart controls about 30% of the market in household staples. Sells 15% of all magazines and 15%-20% of all CDC, videos and DVD's. It is expected to control over 35% of U. S. Food sales.When comparing other companies that sell consumer products, Wall-Mart presents a big chunk of their total business: 20% for Dial, 24% for Del Monte, and 23% for Reveal. Wall-Mart is responsible for of all goods imported to the united States from China. Wall-Mart offers the lowest prices in all of their products, because of the cost efficiency it has achieved. Wall- Mart's buying power and cost-saving efficiencies force local rivals out of business, thus costing jobs, disrupting communities, and injuring established business districts. Within 5 years after one Wall-Mart opening, two local supermarkets close.Becau se of Wall-Mart tax breaks, it causes the local tax venue to decrease and not increase. Wall-Mart is staunchly anti-union and pays low wages. Its labor cost are 20% lower than those of unionized supermarkets; its clerks earns only $8. 23 an hour, and most of its 1. 4 million employees must survive without company health insurance. Employee turnover is 44%. Because Of its size, it exerts a downward pressure on retail wages and benefits throughout the country. Because of its hard line on costs, it has forced many factories to move overseas, which sacrifices American jobs and holds wages down.Government welfare programs subsidize Wall-Mart's poverty-level wages. 200 employee store costs the government $ask a year in housing assistance, SSL ask in children's healthcare, and $kick in tax credits and deductions for low-income families. 46% of the children of Wall-Mart's 1. 33 million workers are uninsured or on Medicaid. Wall-Mart hires mores part-time employees and discourages unhealthy people from working at the store by requiring all jobs to include some physical labor in order to reduce spending on health care and other benefits.Wall-Mart does not carry music or computer games with mature ratings, forcing big music companies to supply hem with sanitized versions of the CDC. Wall-Mart offers fire arms in many locations but has declined to sell Proven, a morning after pill. Wall-Mart has declined to sell some magazines and has put binder to obscure the covers of other magazines. Wall-Mart is considered â€Å"the biggest barrier to growth†. Wall-Mart decide to respond to all the criticism by improving employee health insurance coverage and adopting greener business practices.Wall-Mart was one of the first responders to Hurricane Strain by sending truckloads of Water and food reaching the residents before federal supplies did. Wall-Mart sales growth has slipped as the internet has changed people's shopping habits and as other discounters have done a better jo b of attracting affluent consumer and providing higher quality and better service. 2. Ethical Issues Is it ethical and moral for Wall-Mart to make profit maximizing and cost effectiveness their number one goal? Is it moral to only hire part-time employees to decrease their health care spending?Is it moral or ethical to sell firearms but decline to sell the morning after pill? Is it moral for Wall-Mart not to provide fair wages to the employees? Is it moral for Wall-Mart to take advantage of government welfare program for subordination? Should there be a requirement for large companies to employ a certain percentage of full- time employees? Does Wall-Mart have a moral responsibility of helping the communities grow? Is it moral or ethical for Wall-Mart to not provide adequate health care to its employees? Is it moral for Wall-Mart to insist on tax breaks at the expense of the local community tax revenues decreasing?Should we as citizens enable these large companies by accepting jobs t hat pay poorly and offer no health insurance? Is it moral for Wall-Mart not to value the life and well-being of their employees and families? Is it ethical for Wall-Mart to be customer-oriented and not employee-oriented? Is it ethical for corporation like Wall-Mart to be held to higher standards to provide a better living standard to the employees and the community? Should a company of a certain size be required to offer health insurance? Should large companies that get tax breaks be forced to contribute to the community in other ways? . Primary Stakeholders Wall-Mart itself U. S. Economy Consumers across U. S. Employees Shareholders Other companies and its employees Local communities Government Suppliers Other countries 4. Alternative Actions Wall-Mart should either pay their employees higher wages or provide health care regardless of the hours worked. Wall-Mart should maximize profits and at the same time look out for the well-being of the employee. Require a company the size of W all-Mart to give back to the community if it wants to Open a store.Try to establish a bill requiring large companies to maintain the majority of its employees as full-time where benefits can be offered. Cities or Mounties should not offer tax cuts to businesses that could disrupt the community. Wall-Mart needs to establish a more competitive pay and better benefits program for their employees. Wall-Mart should keep doing what they are doing. It has been effective so far in becoming the largest company in the world, why change it? 5. Ethics of the Alternatives Alternative 1 Wall-Mart should keep doing what they are doing.It has been effective so far in becoming the largest company in the world and among the most profitable ones, why change it? Utilitarian Perspective Utilitarian perspective would not support this idea. This idea seeks out to produce the greatest good for the company itself and not everyone person or business affected. Wall-Mart is seeking out the best for the company and one else. In order to be supported it would have to be the greatest good for Wall- Mart and everyone affected by this decision and or actions of the business. Deontological or Rights Perspective Deontological perspective would not support this alternative in any way.This is an alternative that treats people as a means to an end. It does not recognize the value and importance of the employees, and only values the many itself and the profits that can make. This is not a good way of conducting business and would never be accepted as a universal rule. Egoism Egoism perspective would support this alternative. Wall-Mart is basically doing what is best for the company and the shareholders, which is their primary duty. They are the largest company in the world and immensely profitable. Even with all the opposition it faces it is still one of the prefer companies for many consumers to their one stop shop.They offer the best and lower prices and customers are able to find everything they need for their households in just one stop. Wall-Mart is here to make profit and stay in business, this is their goal. Alternative 2 care regardless of the hours worked. Utilitarian perspective could support this alternative. It would have to be seen as being the greatest good for both Wall-Mart and the employees. If Wall- Mart raises the wages or offer the employees' healthcare benefits, this will have benefits for both. The employee will be happy and will feel valued and appreciated by the employer.In turn the employees will have job satisfaction and their job performance will be good. This will help to the growth and success of the company. With happy employees helping potential customers, it can ensure good sales and thus increase their profit. Deontological perspective would support this alternative. This alternative seeks out the benefits of the employees. It takes into consideration their value as a human and show respect. By Wall-Mart implementing such policy in the company they are saying to the employees that we value and want to right by you. Every employee is a valuable asset to the company and key to its success.This alternative treats the employees as ends and not as the means o end. This alternative would not be supported by egoism. With this alternative Wall- Mart seeks to offer the best solution possible to their employees. They can either increase their wages so the employees are able to have a better standard of living or offer healthcare regardless of hours worked. This would ensure the well-being of each employee. 6. Practical Constrains Finding the right piece of property to build the store Government regulations The company's responsibilities to the shareholders and to make profit Ability to offer the lowest pricesAmerican products too expensive to sell in the store Cost of being in business 7. Actions to be taken Wall-Mart should change their current employee benefits program and offer a better and more competitive pay. This would allo w for employees and their families to have a better standard of life It would help by possibly increasing the retail wages among other businesses Wall-Mart should participate in community events and give back to community Wall-Mart should hold meetings in communities where they are looking to build and hear the citizen concerns and find solutions so it is of benefit for both.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Summary the video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary the video - Essay Example The disciplines include earth science, the science of environment, physics, the science of animal behavior, biology and the science of weather. Each of the participating teachers in the process is allowed two subject areas of interest. This means that there is capacity building process that ensures the teaching and learning process is fully adhered to. After the teachers are taken through the entire process, the same is expected of them. They therefore convey the skills learnt to a classroom context. This means that each teacher at this moment is well acquitted with the basic principles of the teaching-learning process. The students can be engaged by the use of programmed learning aids that is prepared by the teacher. This makes their learning also to take a structured form. They are engaged .by this method in order to help them achieve better judgment skills, to be able to engage in the data collection methods with appropriate competencies, and even be able to analyze the provided data By the fact that each teacher is only allowed to engage in only two disciplines with the use of a single curriculum, they are able to be bonded by the common factor. The teachers learn in common experiences and acquire similar competencies. This not only governs the uniformity of singularity of the curriculum but also ensures that they understand the context of being a learner, just like their students also are. This method is different from other procedures adopted by other institutions for various learning processes. It’s unique in the sense that it harbors three achievements at the end of the process. These include: practical translation of the courses, upon learning the courses the teachers are able to reflect through the process, and finally, the teachers understand how important the courses can establish communities. The practical applications of the courses enable the teachers understand the various processes that their students also undergo in the

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Communication - Essay Example Cultivating on silence is the first step when one is practicing the art of listening. Listening to the silence is helpful because it assist one to listen beyond words and grasp on the feelings of the speaker. Therefore, getting comfortable with silence is a practice that will assist a person to learn the art of listening. The next step is slowing down to reflect. This involves listening to oneself being acquainted to the voice of your soul. Once we get to know and trust the voice of the soul, we find ourselves able to identify when we need to speak and when we need to listen. The art of â€Å"becoming present† is the last step when practicing the art of listening (Machado & Meyer-Botnarescue, 2009). The technique involves deep listening that is listening at the heart level. The technique is present when one feel connected to an individual or to a group of people. Through this method, we are able to communicate with people from diverse backgrounds and customs. Sensing, evaluating and responding are the three components of reflective listening. Sensing involves the skill of receiving signals from the speaker and paying attention to them. the signals may include â€Å"spoken words, nature of the sounds(tone or voice) and nonverbal cues†. Sensing can be enhanced by avoiding interruptions and maintaining interest (Machado & Meyer-Botnarescue, 2009). Diverse cultures have different forms of communicating nonverbally therefore, it is important for teachers to be conversant with these differences. For example in a class of diverse backgrounds, there are children who will not make direct eye contact when speaking to a teacher. This is so because according to their culture it shows lack of respect. Some students may also not smile to a teacher because according to their culture it is wrong to smile. For instance in Korean culture smiling signals shallowness and thoughtlessness.

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 22

Discussion Question - Assignment Example Her approach engaged students by asking specific questions about discrimination and instilling the idea of equality and goodwill. Likewise, education serves to enhance people’s knowledge about issues in the contemporary world in a shared manner. Jane Elliot achieved this by enabling the children to develop respect for everyone regardless of their color or origin. Her approach is best because it aimed at building a sustainable future generation through upright children. Hence, she emphasized the value of social cohesion in her lessons. If I were a teacher, I would borrow Elliot’s approach to teaching about human diversity. In addition, I will incorporate the religious views about discrimination and make the children understand that it is against the religious teachings. Most importantly, my approach will introduce an aspect that values the successful people of different backgrounds. In this regards, I will help the children to identify successful world or business leaders who despite their color have prospered by availing relevant research materials (Clauss-Ehlers 56). The approach will focus to impact knowledge that color difference or origin does not make someone superior or intelligent. Every person has intrinsic values and skills. Hence, humans must treat one another with respect and

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

How to reach an accurate demands forecasting to avoid bullwhip effect Essay

How to reach an accurate demands forecasting to avoid bullwhip effect in the manufacturing level and lose of sales in the retailer level in the supply chain for finished goods - Essay Example he research methodology to be undertaken to find answers for the research question for controlling the bullwhip effect right from manufacturer’s level to retailer’s level. And VMI is just one of the methods and the research has to a long way to identify an ideal method. . According to the survey of the U.S. Commerce Department reported in 2002, trade in the United States is characterized by $ 1.1 trillion inventory for just $ 3.2 trillion of retail sales per year. The value of inventory in each of the supply chain is $ 400 billion at retail outlets, $ 290 billion at the wholesalers’ or distributors’ warehouses and $ 450 billion with manufacturers’ factory or warehouses locations. Where as, such a stockpile should be of a comfortable reserve in stock in trade, there is actually out-of-stock situation at all the points. It has been reported that 8.2 % of the shoppers still go without buying what they need and thus out-of-stock position represents 6.5 % of retail sales as a whole. Even if the retailers manage to supply alterative products, lost sales on account of this situation turn out to be 3.1% of the total sales. Though 3.1 % appears negligible, it is a substantial loss of retail margins at micro as well as macro level. And los s of customers’ goodwill is beside the point. It is noteworthy that this situation is not due to want of inventory or resources (Lee, 2002). This situation is brought about by what is called bullwhip effect which this research proposes to study. The seemingly negligible impact of bullwhip effect actually translates into lost sales and loss of profit of significant proportions and is therefore an important area in a supply chain that needs to be analyzed for being avoided. Accurate demand forecasting is apparently the possible solution . Therefore aim and objective of this research is to ascertain how to reach an accurate demands forecasting to avoid bullwhip effect in the manufacturing level and loss of sales in the retailer

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

IT117 Unit 2 DB Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT117 Unit 2 DB - Research Paper Example This may also include involving potential partners in the site`s account of the corresponding social medias accounts. Uploading videos – brief videos of the organizational activities explaining the products and services the organization is offering can be very helpful to the sites` visitors since some visitors would rather watch other than read what is contained in the site. Competent webmaster – it is of great importance to keep up with the latest internet trends in order to be up to date with others, otherwise the site might look outdated and this will not attract visitors. Considering that this is a non-profit organization, Karina ought to have included some features that would sell out the organization`s agendas to a larger extent. One of the things she omitted is the visitors` platform where the visitors interact. Here they can also leave comments. Secondly, Karina should have included a message from the director or the Chief Executive Officer in a small section of the

Monday, September 23, 2019

Do performance management systems in organisations lead to improvement Essay

Do performance management systems in organisations lead to improvement - Essay Example Performance management systems make use of the fact that performance is increased on the part of all concerned and there is no shortfall as concerns to commitment, dedication and devotion when at work. The performance management systems can ensure the right people for getting the bonuses, incentives and so on as well as point out the ones who have fallen short on the company’s expectations over a period of time. This would help in giving them rewards and incentives which will eventually make one and all happy at the end. Also this will continue their desire to achieve more and more within a specified period of time and thus come into the good books of the company. In return, they can be given all these rewards so that they could be encouraged in line with their work attitudes. Moreover, the people who lag behind with regards to their work schedules and dedication levels will stand up and take notice and thus would want to be counted as the effective and efficient ones within the company as well. The role of organizations in the maintenance of these systems is also very paramount. The role played by the organizations in advancing their performance management systems is immense since a lot of the population depends on them for their needs and wants. This is met in a fair manner courtesy the E-government initiative adopted by several different companies and organizations. All such innovations which help and facilitate the related process must indeed be given thumbs up since these try to solve the miseries of the people and it is because of these people that the performance management systems are put into place originally. This further pinpoints the fact that the deployment of an efficient performance management system policy within the organization would indeed help it to essentially tackle its internal issues in a better and more effective manner possible. There is a lot of growth potential for the sales force to be automated in the

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Sports and Energy Drink Market Essay Example for Free

Sports and Energy Drink Market Essay Sports and Energy drink market is amazingly growing hence consumers and businessmen have started showing interests in this market. Energy drink market has increased because people are working almost 24 hours in a day just to make a livelihood, so it’s difficult to work hard without sleep, rest or energy source. This is one of the reason people made energy drinks as part of their life relying on energy from energy drinks, ultimately contributing to rising energy drinks market. Market players are concerned in improving their ingredients and contents for extra stamina to work without experiencing fatigue. Sports and Energy drinks entered the market with Striking names, attractive slogans, and expensive marketing campaigns and currently holding a significant portion of beverage industry. They are available everywhere, offered alongside soft drinks in vending machines, convenience stores, and grocery stores. Sports and Energy drinks are meant to supply mental and physical stimulation for a short period of time. Energy drinks are used by end users for a different of reasons such as to boost energy, reduce thirst, mix cocktails, flavoring smoothies. Energy drinks are located on adjacent shelves in stores to traditional sports drinks like Gatorade and Powerade reinforces such an assumption of optimistic relationship between their uses. Both sports and Energy drinks have managed to maintain their popularity during economic recession, in spite of their high and negative publicity due to caffeine content. Many end users are still prepared to pay the higher price due to their purposeful reimbursements. Sports and Energy drinks are forecasted to continue smash in the soft drink market Sports drinks provide carbohydrates and electrolytes. The carbohydrates supply the muscles with fuel during exercise. The main electrolyte is sodium, which improves the drive to drink and can assist with fluid replacement. Flavored drinks increase palatability and can assist with fluid consumption. The addition of protein may be beneficial to prevent muscle damage and may improve or maintain subsequent performance over consecutive days.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The Core Business Functions Of Food Chain Commerce Essay

The Core Business Functions Of Food Chain Commerce Essay FOOD CHAIN Supermarket established thirty years back has a chain of Supermarkets around the Island and is owned by a group of businessmen. One objective presently is to increase the member of supermarkets from fifty that exists now to eighty in another two years. The business is very stable and has a strong brand name. The prices and very competitive and has budgeted the middle income group customers in the society. The customers are intelligent and are sensitive to the changes in quality and price and compare the prices with the other supermarkets. Bearing this in mind the quality has to be maintained with very competitive prices and not lose sight of the profits targeted. Market share is something mainly associated to profitability and many businesses do increase the sales to competitors. FOOD CHAIN is no exception and is in the process of increasing sales by opening more outlets to customers, thereby earning more. FOOD CHAIN has a great reputation for their services offered by their efficient staff and would not want anytime to lose their reputation. Resultantly they have to see that sales grow and customer service is maintained at a high level. Towards this the Top Management intends to create an attractive difference towards the customers shopping at FOOD CHAIN Supermarkets. They want to introduce trends such as new stores formats, online shopping, that is to make available on line ordering. FOOD CHAINs website has the prices of the products marketed by their supermarkets and is being updated regularly which could be a boon to the customers. It is also ewisaged to link the presently available network that links all their branches through the internet to all their Supermarkets Island wide to facilitate online shopping and delivery of orders. At the same time the management is also concerned about keeping an eye on the returns the business makes with resources available. To ascertain this, the Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is made use of. This is given as a percentage of operating profit against capital employed and higher the percentage figure the better it is. This could be compared with the previsions years results to find out if there is use or fall. FOOD CHAINs next object is to collaborate with Sri Lankan shops in other countries as a source to market their goods. This is viewed as a global approach. They also plan to link with vegetable wholesalers from Dambulla and vegetable and fruit farmers scattered all over the island to enable export these local products to revamp the economy of the country. FOOD CHAIN wishes to put in place a system to monitor the trends of the off line and online customers to provide them with a better service in line with their buying to trends. They want to have a more nationalistic outlook to make customers buy Sri Lankan Products while carrying out an aggressive marketing of campaign to attract more and more new customers and make a national contribution. Task 1.3 PESTLE is an analytical tool which considers external factors and helps you to think about their impacts. This is a useful tool for understanding the big picture of the environment in which you are operating by understanding your environment, you can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats. This provides the context within which more detailed planning can take place to take full advantage of the opportunities that present themselves. The factors of PESTLE analysis P Political The present and stalwart influences from political sufferings E Economic The local and world economic movements S Sociological The way in which changes are in society will affect the organization T Technological How new technologies affect the organization L Legal How global, national and local legislation affects this organization E Environmental Environmental issues of national, local and global   Political: Government type and reputation Free of the press, rules of law and stages of bureaucracy and corruption Regulation and de-regulations Public and employment legislation Tax policies and trade Environmental and customer-protection legal system Alterations in the political environment Economic: Stages of a business development cycle Present and projected economic grown and interest rates Unemployment and supplying of labour Labour costs Levels of disposable earn and earning distribution Impact of globalization Impact of technological and other changes on the current economy Sociological: Cultural features, health senses, population growing rate, age distribution, Organizational culture, postures to work, management types, staff attitudes Occupations, education, living standards earning capacity. Media views, policy changes drive to social factors, trends and publicity Demographics: age, civil status, gender, family size, race Technological: Advancing of technology, discovering of technological developments, researches funding, implementation Internet, global and local communications, information technology Licensing, patents, finding of technology solutions, inventions, researches, intellectual property issues, implementation in manufacturing, potential innovation, Transportation, energy sources, associated dependent technologies, rates of obsolescence, waste removal or recycling Legal: Present local market legislation and future legislation International legislation Regulatory bodies and processes Environmental rules and regulations, employment law, customer protection Industrial regulations, competitive regulations Environmental: Ecological problems Environmental problems and environmental regulations Consumer values, market values, values of stakeholder and investor Management type, staff attitudes, organizational procedures, staff engagements FOOD CHAIN is a well-known and well established supermarket chain which has 50 super markets in island-wide. FOOD CHAIN is currently island-wide food discounter which aimed middle income group in the society. The PESTEL analysis is concerned with the environmental influences round up a business. We will recognize influences of the PESTEL analysis and how it is useful for summarizing the exterior environment in which FOOD CHAIN operates. Somehow, it must be followed up by thinking of how a business should respond to these influences. There are many key strategy moves that FOOD CHAIN made to activate their strategy to be successful. The main point in the success of FOOD CHAINs strategy is the corporate culture they have imbedded into this company, which flows from the top level management to their shop employees; it has greatly supported their resort. It has been entrusted the company to be flexible and also responsible to the market, so it holds its competitive edge. This imbedded procedure is illustrated by their employee which deploys shop employees to come with new ideas for new lines. Their skills and abilities to build up teams and give to the company procedure has enabled the company to adapt. Another main point in their strategy is that the path of the company is structured. Their simple structure allows communicate within the company to extract much speed and more efficient rather than a complicated structure. With the company target on staff training, with the super market being motivated to be on the shop for 95% of time, it certify a good leadership creates a good team with much better, sensitive and willing to work long hours. PESTEL analysis for FOOD CHAIN must consider every important exterior factors impacting on the company. These factors may have economic, political, sociological, legal or technological, environmental dimensions. FOOD CHAIN always keeping in touch about the political situation in the country and the impacts of local government and also the international situation. Because their Economic analysis needs to investigate the situation of the stock market and tax increases, among many other matters.   Task 1.4 The concept of stakeholder is a diverse of stockholder, which related to owners in or investors in a business or firm. We can define stakeholders as groups and individuals who are affected by activities of an organization. Most important stakeholders can be found as those with more to lose from the organizations activities, but that does not always reflect their relative powers. Their objectives and goals are very immensely, but they must be considered. Previously it had been the common concept that businesses basically expect and in turn effect the economic capital, which is turn up in the form of stockholders. The rise to reputation of stakeholders allow firms to realize that there are infrastructure and people beyond the company which are need to it and who must have their attentions protected. An organizations stakeholders are the parties who are able to reasonably be understood to be affected by its verdicts. They can be considered to represent the businesses social capital as well as economy. Mainly they can be categorized into two groups as Internal, External and Connected Stakeholders. Internal stakeholders included with managers and employees and are situated within the company and affect to the day-to-day operations of organization. Connected stakeholders are covering groups such as suppliers, shareholders and customers, and also are parties which investing or dealing with the organization. Third group is External stakeholders, which are not directly connected to the organization but who can be influenced of the organization through various manners. External stakeholders include with the Government, local councils and the surrounding communities. The stake holders of FOOD CHAIN can be categorized as sane way. First the internal stake holders. Like directors, Managers and Employees who are directly involved and the connected stake holders such as share holders, customers and suppliers with the realization of the objectives and the increase in turnover and profits the benefits will drain down to all stake holders by way of increase in salaries bonuses to the employees, profits to the share holders, better payments to suppliers and better prices to the customers. FOOD CHAIN subscribes to the stakeholder concept highly trying to see that its internal stakeholders obtain their objectives while keeping other stakeholders also satisfied. The management of FOOD CHAIN trying to create the classic win-win situation for all stakeholders. One of the main tasks of management is to find solutions that will worthy achieve the goals of every stakeholders. FOOD CHAIN is beginning to develop procedures for linking stakeholder concern to the strategies they understood. In order to implement a stakeholder management achievement, organization needs to do many things as including the followings Identifying the FOOD CHAINs stakeholders Decide what are primary, indirect and secondary as well as actually which stakes each group holds in their organization Establish what sort of responsibilities the organization has to each stakeholder group Identifying any impacts between stakeholder criterias Decide how this organization is able to better respond strategically to these opportunities and threats inherent in the stakeholder claims FOOD CHAIN mainly considering about the rights and interests of stakeholders are very important, as they are objects to which the different ethical theory and framework is applied. However a large part of the ethics is deciding what is purposely owed to which one, recognizing stakeholders and claims of them is similar to establishing the interests in any legal case. FOOD CHAIN expects to expand their 50 supermarkets to 80 supermarkets, so stakeholders are the major part of this scenario. To go through this challenge they have to concentrate about their stakeholders very carefully.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Job Order Costing Process Costing and Activity Based Costing

Job Order Costing Process Costing and Activity Based Costing A cost accounting system is the sum methods and techniques used by businesses allowing them to track resources consumed in production and distribution of services or goods to consumers. These methods and techniques are used by the management in order to evaluate and reward staff performance, by employees in order to manage recourses efficiently while the cost accounting system is also used for external reporting requirements meaning balance sheets and income statements. The cost accounting system is usually designed to meet particular needs of individual companies, for that reason there are three main systems businesses apply according to their needs. Job Order Costing is a cost system used to accumulate costs of jobs also called batches. Job order costing is used when individual production centres or departments work on a variety of products rather than one king of a product during a specific period of time. Prime costs and factory overhead costs are the two categories of production costs monitored with this method. Process costing is a type of costing system used for production of small identical, low-cost items. Process costing averages the costs and cant be directly traced to individual products. Activity based costing (ABC) is designed to assign costs to activities. This method has become popular because of the fact that the complexity of businesses keeps growing and so does their need to assign increasingly large indirect costs to the appropriate department or activity. ABC is the process where costing is assigned based on the cause and effect relationship between costs and activities that drive costs. What are major objectives of a cost accounting system in a hospitality establishment? Within hospitality establishments cost accounting systems help successfully achieve the following management objectives: Measuring the various needs and generated revenues of departments Monitoring and controlling the progress of each department Department related data gathered is used to evaluate costs and make proper adjustments and corrections in operating procedures What are the major objectives of a cost accounting system system in a manufacturing company? In manufacturing and service companies cost accounting systems help achieve the following management objectives. They provide the managers with helpful information regarding planning, cost control procedures and determining unit production costs. In most cases manufacturing companies also use a complete job cost sheet which contains Cost Summary and Unit Cost information since manufacturing costs are not immediately recorded as current period expenses. These information include total and costs per unit for: Direct materials, which are the raw materials used in production which costs are directly traceable throughout the product manufacturing process. Direct labour, which are the wages and other pay roll costs of employees whose efforts are directly traceable throughout the product manufacturing process. Manufacturing overhead, is the category including all other manufacturing costs like utilities aside for the above mentioned ones. What are the procedures in job order costing, process costing and activity based costing. Job order costing process is a specific set of events which will usually occur with each job. Generally the process is as follows: an order (or sale order) is received for the batch of products, a production order is issued from the sale order materials and labour are ordered and tracked for the set of products, manufacturing overhead is allocated to the job using a predetermined rate (usually per labour or per machine hour). In fact manufacturing overhead will not affect the work in process account; instead it is changed to a control account. Direct labour and materials are charged by the accountant to the work in process accounts using the actual quantity acquired. These quantities are all tracked using a job costing sheet which will likely be already a computerized ledger and use used for each job. Spoilage which surpasses expected levels based on the job at hand is considered a period cost and is reclassified from work in process account into a separate account so it can be addre ssed by the management. Process costing procedures follow specific procedures and while exact procedures may differ between different companies and businesses, but they generally follow these steps. While other types of costing are initiated when a sale order is issued, a sale order is not required for process costing as it is a continuous process. The work in process accounts are separated departments and are named according to the department they reflect on e.g. Work in process- FB department. The first department in the production process makes the first entry into the work in process account, generally for the raw materials. While the products move from department to department entries are made to each work in process account of each department. Direct labour costs are recorded at each period. Actual overhead costs are recorded; no contra-account in needed because there is no over- or under-applied overhead due to the actual costs being applied. Indirect costs are applied to the overhead account in actual amounts. Activity based costing procedures can be more complicated to set up and operate than other costing systems. The activity based costing procedures are: Only if a cost driver cant be recognized a cost can be assigned on an allocative basis. Related cost pools are assigned to an overhead rate on costs drivers. Cost pools are used to assign costs; the basis depends on the business and industry. Costs can be assigned to units, batches or products. These pools can be combined to look at facilities, divisions, or other levels of cost classifications. Costs can then be evaluated in order to see how and where they are occurring, knowing this the management can discern what cists are controllable and how they arise. Which costing methods (job order costing, process costing and activity costing) are best suited to the following businesses and why: Old Home Bakery, Inc (a bakery that produces to order): It will be able to use job order costing because it is designed for businesses which work with orders rather than mass production. Apache Oil and Gas Refinery: Because the products are similar or identical the process costing is the appropriate method the business should apply. It is also recommended because the company uses an automated continuous process. The Sea View Resort Hotel: the hotel is best recommended to use the job order costing because it offers services and the method is designed for such businesses. Willie Wonkers Chocolate Factory: because the business produces a standard item which units are identical it is best to apply the process costing method. Harris and Harris Law Firm: Since this business offers services in the form of legal counselling or legal representation is it best to use the job order costing which refers to a desired unit which might not be identical to another offered service. Explain and evaluate LIFO, FIFO and AVCO techniques. LIFO stands for last-in first-out what means that recent purchases will be stored recorded and sold before the items that already existed in stock when the purchase was received. LIFO valuation is permitted due to the belief that an ongoing business does not realize an economic profit only from inflation. When prices are rising they must replace the inventory currently being sold with items oh higher prices. It also matches better current cost against current revenue and defers paying taxes on phantom income arising exclusively from inflation. LIFO is preferred by businesses because it delays a major negative effect of inflation; higher taxes. FIFO is the most commonly used method used by businesses to record the value of inventory. It is appropriate when dealing with many different batches of similar products. The method assumes that the next item that will be purchased will be placed at the end of the line of to-be-sold items of that kind meaning what was purchased first will be sold first. In an economy of rising prices (during inflation), it is common for new companies to use this method to report the value of merchandise to boost their balance sheet. While the older and cheaper good are sold the new and more expensive goods remain as assets in the businesss books, financial statement boosted by FIFO also increase the chances a business has to get a loan. AVCO is used to establish the value of an inventory by calculating the costs of units. In practice it provides us the results we want by dividing the total cost of good available for sale with the number of items for sale.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Legalization of Prostitution Essay -- Prostitution Should Be Legal

Prostitution, considered one of the oldest professions in the world, was legal until 1915 when most states passed laws making it illegal. One of the main reasons for the prohibition of prostitution was to keep soldiers out of the brothels so they would stay focused on the war. After WWII, lawmakers left the prohibition laws in place instead of repealing them. Prostitution should be legal, regulated, and taxed. This would increase the quality of police protection, reduce waste in the judicial system, decrease the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and increase federal tax revenue. By legalizing and regulating the act of prostitution, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) will decrease. Opponents of legalization believe that STD’s will increase substantially. However, licensed brothels will be required to enforce testing for STD’s. Implementing weekly sexually transmitted disease testing for all licensed workers will reduce the likeliness of spreading diseases to multiple partners. Also, having laws in place to enforce condom use by stating that anyone (worker or customer) caught not using protection will be arrested, fined, and will lose their license to work, will ensure the reduction of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Brothels are legal in ten of the seventeen counties in the state of Nevada. Those counties are, Churchill, Esmeralda, Pershing, Storey, Lander, Lyon, Humboldt, Elko, White Pine, Mineral, and Nye Counties., â€Å"In those ten counties combined, there are fewer reported cases of STD’s than the other seven counties in the state† (Nevada State Health Division STD Program 2013). The Nevada State Health Department collects data concerning sexually transmitted diseases from every d... ...port groups, and attending protests, the legalization of prostitution can ensue. Works Cited â€Å"Nevada brothels want to be good neighbor† Associated Press. 10 May 2014. 11 April 2015. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7805733/ â€Å"STD Statistics† Nevada Department of Health and Human Services. 2011. 11 April 2015. http://health.nv.gov/CD_HIV_STDProgram.htm#stats Puzzanchera, C., B. Adams, and W. Kang "Easy Access to FBI Arrest Statistics 1994- 2012" Online (2009). 11 April 2015. http://ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/ojstatbb/ezaucr/ â€Å"Prostitution Related Arrests† Arlington Police Department, 2014. 11 April 2015. http://www.arlingtonpd.org/Prostitution/ProstitutionArrestsFebruary.pdf Cundiff, Kirby R., â€Å"Prostitution and Sex Crimes† The Independent Institute, 8 April 2014. 11 April 2015. http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/50_prostitution.pdf

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

In Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield goes through many events in just three days that seemed to impact his life a lot. He began to realize things about himself, and changes occurred within him. Now it's 35 years later and Holden has grown up, and has finally entered the real world. Holden now works for a high school as a student counselor, and deals with problems of children everyday. He is very well liked at the school and he has only been there for three years. He sometimes gets attached with the students dilemmas, but that is not necessarily a bad thing. He is also the leader of the schools Students Reaching Out program. Holden has enjoyed his job ever since he has started and has never thought of leaving it. Holden now lives in the small town of Wellingville in California. He is married to a women he met when he went back to college and they have 2 kids, both girls. One is 6 and the other is 3. Holden's wife has all the qualities that Jane did. A very sweet women with a great personality. They made a perfect couple. He has gave his kids financial and emotional support that his own parents never gave him. Cole Cuchna 12/2/99 Per7 He does this because he doesn't want his kids to go through what he did growing up. Holden has made many compromises as he has grew up. Through his daily therapy he realized that he can't be everything he wants to be. He can't save every child he meets from growing up and entering the real world. Every child loses their innocents sometime in their life, and Holden becomes to realize that. As he matures he doesn't try to save them from the real world, but he helps them accept it. This is why Holden is a good counselor for teenagers because teenagers are usually just beginning to enter the real world and Holden can help them through it. Also, as he grew he picked up on a hobby. Everyday after work, Holden goes to the local park and feeds the ducks. Everyday he does this, in the winter time and everything. It gives him time to think about what went on in the day and helps him concentrate on any issues he might be having at the time. As Holden grew up, he matured a lot but he also did retain some of his childhood qualities. One of these such qualities is his constant changing of personalities. He will go from thinking he is crazy, to then thinking he is something else.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Is Nick a Good Narrator Essay

As the teller of facts for all of his observations, Nick proves to be a reliable narrator for this story. He is unaffected by what goes on around him, despite people bringing him into personal situations. Nick is factual with details. He is as well, a very private person though, and tells us little of himself during the events. In telling us about his growing up years shows us that Nick has learned many admirable things. In Chapter 1 he tells us how he was raised and the advices given him by his father. These included council on how to speak to people in general. As quoted by Nick, his father told him â€Å" ‘Whenever you feel like criticizing any one’ he told me, ‘just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had. ’ â€Å" He admits to us here that â€Å"In consequence I’m inclined to reserve all judgments†. He did not appear to like being drawn into drama and would avoid it at all cost. The abnormal mind is quick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in a normal person, and so it came about that in college I was unjustly accused of being a politician, because I was privy to the secret griefs of wild, unknown men. Most of the con? dences were unsought – frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon. † When describing events, Nick seems again unattached. He tells us what people wear, what they say and how they say it, with much emotion. On his own home in the af? uent area that he had moved (Chapter 2) â€Å"My own house was an eye-sore, but it was a small eye-sore, and it had been overlooked, so I had a view of the water, a partial view of my neighbor’s lawn, and the consoling proximity of millionaires – all for eighty dollars a month. When he tells us about Tom he explains (Chapter 2) â€Å"His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed. There was a touch of paternal contempt in it, even toward people he liked—and there were men at New Haven who had hated his guts. When he introduces Daisy and Jordon for the ? rst time in (Chapter 2) â€Å"The only completely stationary object in the room was an enormous couch on which two young women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored Is Nick a good Narrator? ESSAY THE GREAT GATSBY! PJD balloon. They were both in white and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house. † he then goes on with further detail â€Å"The younger of the two was a stranger to me. She was extended full length at her end of the divan, completely motionless and with her chin raised a little as if she were balancing something on it which was quite likely to fall. If she saw me out of the corner of her eyes she gave no hint of it—indeed, I was almost surprised into murmuring an apology for having disturbed her by coming in. The other girl, Daisy, made an attempt to rise—she leaned slightly forward with a conscientious expression— then she laughed, an absurd, charming little laugh, and I laughed too and came forward into the room. The only time we see him express any real emotion is when he realizes that they are all sitting around doing a lot of nothing except to anger and upset each other and that not one person has wished him a ‘Happy Birthday’ that day. He himself, until that moment had forgotten that he turned 30 on that extraordinarily hot day (Chapter 7) â€Å"‘No †¦ I just remembered that today’s my birthday. ’ I was thirty. Before me stretched the portentous menacing road of a new decade. † Nick’s privacy is highlighted in events that have taken place in the novel, but not carried forward with any great detail. Though he describes his college year, followed by his time in the army and going to war, he leaves a lot of personal things out. The ? rst couple of things that stand out regarding his personal privacy. He makes friends with a co-worker and after knowing each other a very short time, the two decide to rent a house together in the country. The friend is shipped off to Washington by the ? rm immediately on renting â€Å"a weather beaten cardboard bungalow at eighty a month†. In that same paragraph, we learn that Nick has a dog with him â€Å"at least I had him for a few days until he ran away. Nor does he talk about having a girlfriend out west or someone that he has befriended at very least, though in Chapter 2 after he meets his cousin Daisy, her husband (and Nick’s former classmate) Tom and their friend Jordan Baker (a Is Nick a good Narrator? ESSAY THE GREAT GATSBY! PJD professional golfer). Daisy suddenly says to Nick, as he is leaving â€Å" ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important. We heard you were engaged to a girl out West. ’ â€Å" Nick wards of the question saying â€Å" ‘It’s libel. I’m too poor. â€Å" He then goes on privately that he was aware of this story, but that it was not true. He says â€Å"The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east. † He only refers to the woman at hand as an â€Å"old friend†. Nick spoke with clarity on the events of the summer. He described in detail, the costuming and events, the locations and people. Nick seemed unbiased and disconnected in an unemotional way, until the events of his own birthday. Overall, Nick seemed to have a good grasp of the people and events of that summer, while leaving details of himself to be determined.

Monday, September 16, 2019

African Literature Essay

African literature is highly diversified, even though it shows some similarities. In fact, the common denominator of the cultures of the African continent is undoubtedly the oral tradition. Writing on black Africa started in the middle Ages with the introduction of the Arabic language and later, in the nineteenth century with introduction of the Latin alphabet. Since 1934, with the birth of the â€Å"Negritude,† African authors began to write in French or in English. Since the 1960’s quantitative and qualitative changes could be observed in the field of publication in  both Francophone and Anglophone states. The main objective of the present work is to give an overview of the origin and the role of griots in the African society, the different components of the oral tradition, and the major trends in the development of African literature. The study of the Negritude movement encompasses the historical context, the definition of the concept and its principal authors, ideological contradictions, the left wing of the Negritude, and the â€Å"Theory of the African Personality† in Anglophone countries. The monograph  provides as well current trends in the African literature after 1960 and the response of a panel of African authors. African literature, the body of traditional oral and written literatures in Afro-Asiatic and African languages together with works written by Africans in European languages. Traditional written literature, which is limited to a smaller geographic area than is oral literature, is most characteristic of those sub-Saharan cultures that have participated in the cultures of the Mediterranean. In particular, there are written literatures in both Hausa and Arabic, created  by the scholars of what is now northern Nigeria, and the Somali people have produced a traditional written LITERATURE. THERE ARE ALSO WORKS WRITTEN IN GE EZ? (Ethiopic) and Amharic, two of the languages of Ethiopia, which is the one part of Africa where Christianity has been practiced long enough to be considered traditional. Works written in European languages date primarily from the 20th century onward. The literature of South Africa in English and Afrikaans is also covered in a separate article, South African literature. African literature, literary works of the African  continent. African literature consists of a body of work in different languages and various genres, ranging from oral literature to literature written in colonial languages (French, Portuguese, and English). Love Song Flavien Ranaivo Don’t love me, my sweet, like your shadow for shadows fade at evening and I want to keep you right up to cockcrow; nor like pepper which makes the belly hot for then I couldn’t take you when I’m hungry; nor like a pillow for we’d be together in the hours of sleep but scarcely meet by day; nor like rice  for once swallowed you think no more of it; nor like soft speeches for they quickly vanish; nor like honey, sweet indeed but too common. Love me like a beautiful dream, your life in the night, my hope in the day; like a piece of money, ever with me on earth, and for the great journey a faithful comrade; like a calabash, intact, for drawing water; in pieces, bridges for my guitar. Flavien Ranaivo (1914-1999) was a lyric poet influenced by Malagasy ballad and song form. He published three volumes of verse. He is one of the poets included in Africa! My Africa!

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Customer Inserts His/Her Name

Bermuda Bermuda is the oldest self-governing overseas region in the British Commonwealth; its 1968 constitution offers the island with official duty for internal self-government, while the British Government keeps hold of responsibility for, defense, security and external affairs. Queen Elizabeth II is the chief of state and she is represented by a governor, whom she assigns. Bermuda has a parliamentary structure of government internally and the premier is chief of government and head of the majority party in the House of Assembly.The cabinet is made up of ministers chosen by the premier from among associates of the House of Assembly and the Senate. (Greey & Nausbaum, 2008). Bermuda's initial political party, the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), was created in May 1963 with mainly black adherents, the two-party system was started in 1965 with the formation of the United Bermuda Party (UBP), which had the hold of the bulk of white voters and of few black voters. A third party, the Bermu da Democratic Party (BDP) was shaped in 1967; however it disbanded in 1970 and was later restored by the National Liberal Party (NLP).Bermuda's initial election was held on May 22, 1968 and the UBP won thirty seats of the House of Assembly while the PLP won 10 and the BDP lost the 3 seats which it had previously. The UBP kept on maintaining control of the government although theyd id this by reducing scope in the Assembly until 1998 when the PLP succeeded in winning the general election for the first time. Discontented goals, mainly among immature blacks led to short civil riots in December 1977 that followed the implementation of two men found culpable of the 1972- 1973 murders of Governor Sir Richard Sharples and other four.Ultimate independence from the United Kingdom (U. K. ) has been an ambition of the PLP from the time of the party's inception in 1963. The Premier (and PLP party leader) Alex Scott declared his decision to start an open and objective debate on the issue of inde pendence in Feb. 2004. Presently citizens of Bermuda are permitted to British citizenship that the British Overseas Territories Bill approved in February 2002 and this gives them automatic ownership of British citizenship that also includes automatic transmission of citizenship to their children, the right of abode, together with the right to live and work in the U.K. and the European Union (EU). Subsequently a harsh and divisive general election on December 18, 2007 took place which many forecasted would be extremely close, the Progressive Labor Party (PLP) under Premier Ewart Brown was back to power with the same number of seats as it had before going into the election. (U. S. Department of State, n. d. ). Reference Greey,M. & Nausbaum, D. (2008). Bermuda. MacMillan Caribbean. U. S. Department of State. (n. d. ). Bermuda. February 20th, 2009. Retrieved from: http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5375. htm

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Informative Speech Outline

Every year we are given 365 days, 8,765 hours, 526,000 minutes, or 31. 6 million seconds. How we spend this time is entirely different, but that's what makes us unique from everyone else. As a college student, managing your time is everything. From choosing how long to study to what people you hang out with the most affects your college years tremendously. Subject Sentence: Depending on how you spend your time can make you fail or succeed. Connective: To begin with, Body I) Have set clear goals Personal Goals A. 1.Definable goal that helps better yourself 2. Must have balance B. Career or Academic Goals 1. Must be realistic 2. Have a set deadline 3. Create a calendar 4. Be driven Connective: Next, II) Time Efficiency A. Plan your day out 1. Decide how to allot your time 2. Include both work and personal obligations 3. Use a planner 4. Make a to-do list 5. Pretzel tasks B. Make sacrifices 1. Decide what tasks are mandatory vs.. What tasks can be put off 2. Understand and accept that t here is only 24 hours in each day and that not everything can always be done C.Avoid Procrastination 1 . Start as soon as possible not as late as possible 2. Say no more often 3. Turn off your cell phone and other electronics 4. Know and be able to recognize the difference between â€Å"l don't want to† and † have time†. 5. Have allotted alone time 6. Be responsible for yourself Connective: In comparison, these are the dangers of not managing time well, Ill) Dangers of not managing time well A. Falling behind in classes 1 . Bad grades 2. Rushed assignments 3. Unpreserved for class 4. Failing out of school or getting fired from a Job B. Causes Stress 1.Miss out on other opportunities 2. Strained relationships 3. Mentally unhealthy a. Strained relationships b. Isolation from others . Depression d. Memory problems e. Constant worrying 4. Physically unhealthy a. Disrupted sleep b. Isolation c. Headaches d. Weight loss or gain Connective: In conclusion, Conclusion I do n't Everyone deals with time management every day but not everyone manages his or best for you and use them. The ability to get that 4. 0 or promotion might Just be a matter of managing your time in a better manner. Time is the only thing we really can't afford to lose. Informative Speech Outline Title: Fastest Production Car Bugatti Veyron EB 16. 4. Speaker: Bharath Tripuraneni Specific Purpose: To Inform Thesis Statement: From the history of the car till design and mechanics. Introduction I. Attention-getter: Even though there are cars, which are faster than Veyron, this car has rose to fame because of it mechanics and design, which made it a street legal car. II. Establishment of ethos: I am credible to talk about this car as I have done research related to this car and I am a car enthusiast. III. Thematic statement: From the history of the car till design and mechanics.IV. Preview (each main point): First †¦ I am going to talk about the history of the car. Next †¦ The design of the car. Finally†¦ The mechanics of the car. (Transition) Now I am going to talk about the Origin of the car. Body I. Origin of the car. A. The car has been designed and developed by the Volkswagen Group. 1. In 1998, the Volkswagen Group purchased the former car manufacturer Bugatti in order to revive the brand. 2. The decision to start production of the car was taken by Volkswagen Group in 2001. The first roadworthy prototype was completed in august 2003.The prototype is identical to the produced car with minor changes, due to many technical problems; the production of the car has been delayed several times and was finally released on September 2005. B. The car was named in honor of Pierre Veyron. 1. A Bugatti development engineer, test driver and company race driver who, with co-driver Jean-Pierre Wilmille, won the 1939 Le Mans race while driving a Bugatti. 2. â€Å"EB† refers to Bugatti founder Ettore Bugatti and the â€Å"16. 4† refers to the engine which has 16 cylinders and 4 turbochargers. Internal Summary) This car was designed and developed in 2001 and released in 2005 under the honor of Bugatti racecar driver Pierre Veyron. (Transition) Now that we have talked about the origin of the car, I will discuss the design of the car. II. Design of the car. A. The design of the Veyron honors a great heritage of the company design without drifting off into retro style. 1. Every detail of the classic two-tone color scheme from the 1920s and the 1930’s resulting in the typical Bugatti profile. 2.Ettore Bugatti himself used the contrasting colors for his cars, which is also been used on the Veyron. B. The Veyron’s classic paintwork and harmonious design connect this state-of-the-art super sports car to the heritage of Bugatti automobiles. 1. The large radiator grill with the hand-enameled Bugatti emblem – represents the grandness of the Veyron. 2. The sports car’s front is defined by the contrast of its broad headlights and majestic grill and the rear end, which is 1. 99m wide, has a retractable spoiler, which is also used as an air brake. Internal Summary) this car has the typical Bugatti two-tone color scheme started by Ettore Bugatti and a rear spoiler, which is also used as an air brake. (Transit ion) now that we have talked about the design of the car, I will discuss the mechanics of the car. III. Mechanics of the car. A. Specifications of the car.1. The Veyron features an 8. 0-liter, quad-turbocharged, W16 cylinder engine, which means the engine, is made of two V8 engines attached in a W shape which produces 1001 horse power. and a top speed of 253. 81 mph. he car goes from 0-60 mph in 2. 46 seconds. 2. Normally a car has one radiator, but the Veyron has 10 radiators in order to cool the engine down, as it produces so much heat. B. Performance of the car. 1. The car goes from 0-60 mph in 2. 46 seconds and has a top speed of 253. 81 mph. 2. EPA highway driving gives 13miles per gallon and city 8, but when put in top speed mode gives 3 miles per gallon per minute or it drinks 1. 4 gallons of fuel per minute. (Internal Summary) Veyron produces 1001 horsepower, which has a top speed of 253. 1 mph and gives 13 miles on highway and 8 on city. (Transition to conclusion) Now, we h ave talked about the mechanics of the car. Conclusion I. Summarize (overall theme): Bugatti Veyron is the fastest production car in the world . II. Review (Each Main Point) 1. Today I first described the origin of the car 2. Second, I described the design of the car 3. Finally, the mechanics of the car. III. Tie to the Introduction: From the origin of the car till the design and mechanics.IV. Creative concluding thought (end with impact): The car uses Michelin PAX run-flat tires, which are designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron’s top speed, which cost $25,000 per set. And when the car is driven on top speed mode, engineers of the car know that the tires will burst after a certain point, so they made sure that whole tank of fuel finishes before the tiers burst. References: http://www. bugatti. com/en/veyron-16. 4/design. html Car and Driver Auto Magazine. Informative Speech Outline Every year we are given 365 days, 8,765 hours, 526,000 minutes, or 31. 6 million seconds. How we spend this time is entirely different, but that's what makes us unique from everyone else. As a college student, managing your time is everything. From choosing how long to study to what people you hang out with the most affects your college years tremendously. Subject Sentence: Depending on how you spend your time can make you fail or succeed. Connective: To begin with, Body I) Have set clear goals Personal Goals A. 1.Definable goal that helps better yourself 2. Must have balance B. Career or Academic Goals 1. Must be realistic 2. Have a set deadline 3. Create a calendar 4. Be driven Connective: Next, II) Time Efficiency A. Plan your day out 1. Decide how to allot your time 2. Include both work and personal obligations 3. Use a planner 4. Make a to-do list 5. Pretzel tasks B. Make sacrifices 1. Decide what tasks are mandatory vs.. What tasks can be put off 2. Understand and accept that t here is only 24 hours in each day and that not everything can always be done C.Avoid Procrastination 1 . Start as soon as possible not as late as possible 2. Say no more often 3. Turn off your cell phone and other electronics 4. Know and be able to recognize the difference between â€Å"l don't want to† and † have time†. 5. Have allotted alone time 6. Be responsible for yourself Connective: In comparison, these are the dangers of not managing time well, Ill) Dangers of not managing time well A. Falling behind in classes 1 . Bad grades 2. Rushed assignments 3. Unpreserved for class 4. Failing out of school or getting fired from a Job B. Causes Stress 1.Miss out on other opportunities 2. Strained relationships 3. Mentally unhealthy a. Strained relationships b. Isolation from others . Depression d. Memory problems e. Constant worrying 4. Physically unhealthy a. Disrupted sleep b. Isolation c. Headaches d. Weight loss or gain Connective: In conclusion, Conclusion I do n't Everyone deals with time management every day but not everyone manages his or best for you and use them. The ability to get that 4. 0 or promotion might Just be a matter of managing your time in a better manner. Time is the only thing we really can't afford to lose. Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: I am giving this speech because this topic is very important to me and I want you to know about it as well. Specific Purpose: I am going to be informing my audience about Rachel’s Challenge in hopes of sharing Rachel’s story. I. Introduction 1. In the year 1999, a tragedy at Columbine High school occurred. This is what help start Rachel’s Challenge. 2. Bullying never leads to good out comes. Rachel’s story is proof of that. 3. Today I am here to inform you about Rachel’s Challenge, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to.First I am going to inform you about Rachel’s challenge and what it is exactly. II. Body A. Rachel’s Challenge 1. 160,000 students don’t go to school because they are bullied, teased, and harassed each day. Rachel’s Challenge is helping create safer and better learning environments and making a world wide impact because Rachel’s family decided to make the Columbine Hig h School tragedy a mission for a change. 2. Rachel’s Challenge isn’t just meant to create change in schools around the world, it is to create change in businesses as well. It is to help create an environment of kindness, compassion, and safety.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge,†¦ †¦I will now inform you about Rachel’s story. B. Rachel’s Story 1. According to Craig Scott, a man I saw tell Rachel’s story, Rachel was the middle of five kids, but she handled that pretty well. She was very social and never passed up a sleep over at a friend’s house, a school event, or playing a board game with her family. Rachel loved being around people, it energized her. Her parents said that she could light up a room with her presence.She loved music and photography as well. Rachel wasn’t worried about anything besides her profile. When she was 5, she fell on the si de walk and broke her nose. The accident left a bump on the bridge of her nose which made her worry that people were staring at it when they spoke to her. 2. Rachel was very kind. She always felt sympathy for those who were less fortunate than she was. She tried to reach out to people who had social, mental, and/or physical handicaps. She was a kind girl, and she learned the power of compliments and acts of kindness at an early age.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge and Rachel’s story,†¦ †¦I will now inform you what bullying can lead to. C. What Bullying can Lead to 1. As I said before, bullying never leads to good outcomes. It can do horrible things to people. According to wiki. answers. com, when I asked the answer â€Å"What bullying can do to a person,† they said that bullying can lead a person into depression, and eventually that depression that a person is driven into will mak e them feel like they hate their life.Also according to wiki. answers. com, a person who already feels like they hate their life will feel the need to commit suicide when what they should really do is go to someone. 2. So many deaths are caused by the person’s own hand because of bullying. This is why Rachel’s Challenge was started. III. Conclusion A. Now that you know what Rachel’s Challenge is, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to, I hope you will follow Rachel in bringing kindness and compassion to the world. Works Cited www. rachelschallenge. org Wiki. answers. com Craig Scott Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: I am giving this speech because this topic is very important to me and I want you to know about it as well. Specific Purpose: I am going to be informing my audience about Rachel’s Challenge in hopes of sharing Rachel’s story. I. Introduction 1. In the year 1999, a tragedy at Columbine High school occurred. This is what help start Rachel’s Challenge. 2. Bullying never leads to good out comes. Rachel’s story is proof of that. 3. Today I am here to inform you about Rachel’s Challenge, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to.First I am going to inform you about Rachel’s challenge and what it is exactly. II. Body A. Rachel’s Challenge 1. 160,000 students don’t go to school because they are bullied, teased, and harassed each day. Rachel’s Challenge is helping create safer and better learning environments and making a world wide impact because Rachel’s family decided to make the Columbine Hig h School tragedy a mission for a change. 2. Rachel’s Challenge isn’t just meant to create change in schools around the world, it is to create change in businesses as well. It is to help create an environment of kindness, compassion, and safety.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge,†¦ †¦I will now inform you about Rachel’s story. B. Rachel’s Story 1. According to Craig Scott, a man I saw tell Rachel’s story, Rachel was the middle of five kids, but she handled that pretty well. She was very social and never passed up a sleep over at a friend’s house, a school event, or playing a board game with her family. Rachel loved being around people, it energized her. Her parents said that she could light up a room with her presence.She loved music and photography as well. Rachel wasn’t worried about anything besides her profile. When she was 5, she fell on the si de walk and broke her nose. The accident left a bump on the bridge of her nose which made her worry that people were staring at it when they spoke to her. 2. Rachel was very kind. She always felt sympathy for those who were less fortunate than she was. She tried to reach out to people who had social, mental, and/or physical handicaps. She was a kind girl, and she learned the power of compliments and acts of kindness at an early age.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge and Rachel’s story,†¦ †¦I will now inform you what bullying can lead to. C. What Bullying can Lead to 1. As I said before, bullying never leads to good outcomes. It can do horrible things to people. According to wiki. answers. com, when I asked the answer â€Å"What bullying can do to a person,† they said that bullying can lead a person into depression, and eventually that depression that a person is driven into will mak e them feel like they hate their life.Also according to wiki. answers. com, a person who already feels like they hate their life will feel the need to commit suicide when what they should really do is go to someone. 2. So many deaths are caused by the person’s own hand because of bullying. This is why Rachel’s Challenge was started. III. Conclusion A. Now that you know what Rachel’s Challenge is, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to, I hope you will follow Rachel in bringing kindness and compassion to the world. Works Cited www. rachelschallenge. org Wiki. answers. com Craig Scott Informative Speech Outline Every year we are given 365 days, 8,765 hours, 526,000 minutes, or 31. 6 million seconds. How we spend this time is entirely different, but that's what makes us unique from everyone else. As a college student, managing your time is everything. From choosing how long to study to what people you hang out with the most affects your college years tremendously. Subject Sentence: Depending on how you spend your time can make you fail or succeed. Connective: To begin with, Body I) Have set clear goals Personal Goals A. 1.Definable goal that helps better yourself 2. Must have balance B. Career or Academic Goals 1. Must be realistic 2. Have a set deadline 3. Create a calendar 4. Be driven Connective: Next, II) Time Efficiency A. Plan your day out 1. Decide how to allot your time 2. Include both work and personal obligations 3. Use a planner 4. Make a to-do list 5. Pretzel tasks B. Make sacrifices 1. Decide what tasks are mandatory vs.. What tasks can be put off 2. Understand and accept that t here is only 24 hours in each day and that not everything can always be done C.Avoid Procrastination 1 . Start as soon as possible not as late as possible 2. Say no more often 3. Turn off your cell phone and other electronics 4. Know and be able to recognize the difference between â€Å"l don't want to† and † have time†. 5. Have allotted alone time 6. Be responsible for yourself Connective: In comparison, these are the dangers of not managing time well, Ill) Dangers of not managing time well A. Falling behind in classes 1 . Bad grades 2. Rushed assignments 3. Unpreserved for class 4. Failing out of school or getting fired from a Job B. Causes Stress 1.Miss out on other opportunities 2. Strained relationships 3. Mentally unhealthy a. Strained relationships b. Isolation from others . Depression d. Memory problems e. Constant worrying 4. Physically unhealthy a. Disrupted sleep b. Isolation c. Headaches d. Weight loss or gain Connective: In conclusion, Conclusion I do n't Everyone deals with time management every day but not everyone manages his or best for you and use them. The ability to get that 4. 0 or promotion might Just be a matter of managing your time in a better manner. Time is the only thing we really can't afford to lose.