Analyse de “Frost at Midnight”

Elements of introduction The poem under study is â€Å"Frost at Midnight†, composed by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet who was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England. It is part of the conversation poems, a series of 8 poems composed by Coleridge between 1795 and 1807 ; each details a particular life experience which leads to the poet's examination of nature and the role of poetry.Written in 1798, â€Å"Frost at midnight† discusses Coleridge's childhood experience in a quite negative manner and emphasizers the need to be brought up in the countryside. In this poem, the narrator comes to an understanding of nature while isolated with his thoughts. Nature becomes a comfort, however, the poet remembers the loneliness of childhood when he felt isolated from nature and other people, as if living in a world of strangers. His hope is that his own child, David Hartley, will experience an easier and more harmonious life.In this conversation poem, the speaker is gene rally held to be Coleridge himself ; the poem is quiet, very personal restatement of the abiding themes of early English Romanticism : the effect of nature on imagination, the relationship between children and natural world, contrast between this liberating country setting and the city, relationship btw adulthood and childhood as they are linked in adult memory. Like many Romantic verse monologues of this kind such as â€Å"Tintern Abbey† as a notable example, this poem is written in blank verse, a term used to describe unrhymed lines metered in iambic pentameter. nd the silent listener is his infant son, Hartley. The setting of the poem is late at night, when Coleridge is the only one awake in the household. He sits next to his son's cradle and reflects on the frost falling outside the home. He takes this instant of solitude to allow his reflections to expand to his love of nature. I – A typical conversation poem Coleridge begins by creating a tone of solemn gentlenes s in the first line, s the frost is described as performing a â€Å"secret ministry† : the frost ministers without the help of the wind (l2), thus takes the bite out of the chilly night air and maintains a silence throughout the landscape. The only sound he can hear is the owl (l2-3), but its sudden interruption of the quiet is counterpoised with the sleepers in the cottage, whose rest remains undisturbed. The speaker enjoys this midnight solitude, although he notes that he is not truly alone : his â€Å"cradled infant slumbers peacefully† beside him (l7).The baby's presence only serves to accentuate the speaker's solitude since this child, too, sleeps while the speaker alone is awake at this late hour. At first, he finds the absolute stillness disturbing ; he takes comfort in the seeming sympathy of the only stirring object in the house or beyond – a film across the grate (grille de foyer) – the â€Å"sole unquiet thing† (l16). The speaker sees a similarity between himself and the â€Å"puny flaps and freaks† of the grate (l20). The insensible film interprets the moving of air without a guiding reason, so too does the speaker â€Å"makes a toy of thought† (l23).Transition : by shifting the scene of the second stanza to his boyhood and summertime, Coleridge manages to create a sense of the inner discomfort that the speaker feels in his midnight vigil (une veille) in the cottage. A poem which conveys many beliefs of the romantic movement Themes of ‘power of sleep', dreams and imagination The image that connects these themes is the â€Å"thin blue flame† in the fireplace. Christopher R. Miller in â€Å"Coleridge and the Scene of Lyric Description† : he identifies the â€Å"flickering of the ember† as a â€Å"counterpoint to Coleridge's own insomniac musings†.Peter Barry in â€Å"Coleridge the Revisionnary : Surrogacy and Structure in the Conversation Poems† : He asserts tha t the dying flame is representative of Coleridge's reproof of the â€Å"directionlessness in his Spirit† : â€Å"like the flame, his own intellectual spirit is puny, unable to achieve lift-off, purposeless, narcissistic, and prone to interpret everything as a reflection of itself, so that thought becomes an idle plaything rather than a purposeful instrument†. â€Å"Power of sleep† : In the first stanza of the poem, Coleridge laments that his insomnia stifles his imagination.Perhaps this is why Coleridge takes pleasure in watching his son sleep, for the poet understands that dreams allow for the flourishing of creativity. Then, he sees a â€Å"stranger† (l26;41) which he sees â€Å"fluttering† out the window ; perhaps a butterfly or bird which comes to his memory as he sits – as an adult – within his winter cottage listening to the rustling (bruissement) flap on the grate. He finds this stranger desirable, â€Å"more beloved† b y townsman, aunt, or sister to his eyes (l42).This spirit of nature is in fact his â€Å"play-mate† when they are â€Å"clothed alike†, both outside enjoying the pervasive presence of nature. II – – > In his poem, Coleridge explores the relationship between environment and happiness and also reflects on the idyllic innocence of childhood Description of his own love of nature Coleridge describes to his son how his love of nature dates back to his boyhood. During school, Coleridge would gaze out the schoolhouse windows, discontent with where he sits (inside a schoolroom, attempting to study) ; He admires the frost falling outside , longing for the wild familiarity of nature.Although he attempts a â€Å"mock study† of his â€Å"swimming book† (l38) when the stern preceptor draws near, nonetheless he finds his thought already out the half-open door he spies out of the corner of his eye. > His thoughts return to the present, specifically to his s leeping baby. The sounds he can hear now is his breathing, which fills the moments between his sombre thoughts. He wonders at the baby's beauty and turns his mind to the â€Å"far other lore (tradition) / and in far other scenes† which the child will learn one day.In the second verse paragraph, when he reflects on his schooldays, he engages in a memory with a memory ; he tells us that he used to daydream about his home village (Ottery St Mary in Devon), where the sound of the church bells filled him with excited anticipation. The cause of his disturbance now, his sense of separation from the village and from nature, may have something to do with the separation in childhood from his home village in this exile to school and to the city. Lamentations on his physical and emotional confinement in urban England during the latter part of his childhoodThe speaker clearly did not enjoy his life in London, where he felt trapped ; He notes his own limited upbringing (education), kept as he was in â€Å"the great city, pent mid cloisters dim† (l52) where the only natural beauty he could ever see was the sky and stars > the contrast between this liberating country setting and city as we know that one of the fundamentals of Romanticism is the belief in the natural goodness of man, the idea that in a state of nature people would behave well but are hindered by civilisation, embodied by the city of London where Coleridge grew up in his later days.He was not a child with nature ; these thoughts eventually lulled him to sleep, and his day dreams then turned into dreams. His lack of concentration in class caused him problems when he went back to school the â€Å"following morn†, but he still kept thinking about the film, anticipated the coming of an absent friend and thought about his birth place. But, if the classroom door opened the slightest, the boy would immediately look up, so as to look for escaping, hoping it was a â€Å"townsman, aunt or sister mor e beloved† which the fluttering stranger had predicted would come to visit.The speaker declares that an education gained in the realms of nature will make all seasons â€Å"sweet to thee†, giving the baby a perspective on life that the speaker cannot fully hold because of his own limited exposure to nature in its various forms. While the father has difficulty settling in to the silent solitude of a frosty midnight, and similarly could not focus on his studies indoors while summer spent itself without, the son will have no difficulty embracing nature in her various dresses, because he will be more connected to the natural order than his father ever could be.His memory of feeling trapped in the schoolhouse naturally brings him back into his immediate surroundings with a sudden rush of feeling for his son. His final meditation on his son's future becomes mingled with his Romantic interpretation of nature and its role in the child's creativity. > The consideration of his ow n unhappy childhood leads Coleridge to reflect on the baby sleeping next to him ; at least he can ensure that Hartley will not experience the same exile from nature. The poem, after a brief pause in the present, launches on a vision of the future, where it continues develop until the end.That is why he daydreams about leaving the city and returning to his rural birthplace to raise his kid. His desire to bring up his child in a more pastoral life, surrounded with nature On the other hand, his baby will wander the mountains and fiels, gaining an education only Nature in all its glory can bestow. The child will learn â€Å"that eternal language, which thy God/Utters† (l60) ; in other words, he will learn the spirit of Nature and see in it the wonder, majesty, and beauty of its Creator. He tells his son that he's delighted that his son will have more opportunities to observe the beauty of nature and will not be reared/ in the great city, pent ‘mid cloisters dim'† as C oleridge himself was. He then wishes that â€Å"all seasons shall be sweet† to his son and that his son will learn to appreciate all aspects of nature. Coleridge projects on his son his own longing for childhood innocence and his belief that closeness to nature brings happiness. Coleridge declares that Hartley will be brought up in a more pastoral life and will be closer to nature than his father was. Thus, Coleridge projects on his son own longing for childhood innocence and his belief that closeness to nature brings happiness.To illustrate Coleridge's theory we can draw a parallel talking about Wordsworth. Coleridge, as we know, was raised in London, â€Å"pent ‘mid cloisters dim† whereas Wordsworth was brought up in the rustic countryside. He thus saw his own childhood as a time when his connection with the natural world was at its greatest. He revisited his memories his memories of childhood in order to soothe his feelings and provoke his imagination ; wherea s Coleridge questions Wordsworth's easy identification of childhood with a kind of automatic, original happiness.Instead, in his poem, he says that, as a child, he â€Å"saw naught lovely but the stars ans sky† and seems to feel the lingering effects of that alienation. In this poem, we can see how the pain of this alienation has strengthened Coleridge's wish that his child enjoy an idyllic Wordsworthian upbringing â€Å"by lakes and sandy shores, beneath the crags / of ancient mountain, and beneath the clouds†. Rather than seeing the link between childhood and nature as an inevitable, Coleridge seems to perceive it as a fragile, precious, and extraordinary connection, one of which he himself was deprived.

An Analysis of the Dynamic Customs Union Theory Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The idea of a common market came to life with the economic integration of the European nations after the Second World War. The question thereafter lies whether the efficacy of this decision is quite effective or is working for the benefit of their common market.   In addition, the application of the ideas herein will be discussed with dissimilar analyses of the factors that discuss the economic implications of the regional integration. X-Efficiency Analysis There are a number of unlike potential efficiency effects of consolidation that may be able to be applied to either domestic or international M&As. In the current European Stock Market for example, we review the existing empirical research on a number of these types of efficiency (De Young, 2000). We include the scale and scope efficiency effects of M&As that increase the size and the count of different types of services offered by consolidated institutions. We also include several X-efficiency effects, or changes that move the consolidating institutions closer to or further from their optimal points on the best-practice efficient frontier. Specifically, we consider the X-efficiency effects of geographic diversification and managing from a distance, and the X-efficiency consequences of the M&A process itself (De Young, 2000). For all of these types of efficiency, we consider both cost and revenue efficiency effects, and often include research on profit efficiency, which incorporates both cost and revenue efficiency. For some of the types of efficiency, a change in the risks of consolidating institutions is also a consideration, because the risk of the consolidated institution affects its costs of funds and its ability to raise revenues. The research is drawn from many countries, including most of the European countries, although most of the studies use U.S. data. ‘Dynamic effects’ is the term used in a variety of ways by different authors to cover anything beyond standard comparative statics or any effect that has to do with economies of scale and any effect that tackles technical change (De Young, 2000). Static effects universally estimated at about 1%. With static effects only those resources who move activity gain (if they get re-employed). And gain is equal to the difference between uncompetitive (protected) activity and the new activity (assumed to have Comparative Advantage). Big effects are likely to come from scale economies and especially shift in cost curves. Cost reduction affects all existing production as well. Firms need regulatory certainty that they will get market access. Hence, incurs a lower risk premium on investment – in other words, growth effects Terms of Trade Effects Other than the import regulations, industrial organizations also differentiate the consequence of import raise effects on the stock markets in the European Union. On the other hand, the course of the effect of import raise on focus is unclear. A study points out that the effect of imports on producer concentration is positive. Probable reasons of the raise in producer concentration ratio are the absence of inefficient firms as a result of import liberalization. The other possible reason is the increase in mergers of domestic firms as a result of import threats. In addition, if imports are close substitutes for domestic production, sectors that have high import share may be expected to be characterized by a high degree of defensive concentration. Alternatively, it is also likely that imports would reduce concentration if producers were induced to improve efficiency and in turn increase the number of efficient firms. In the same way, the result of the increase in exports on producer concentration is also unclear (Nagy, 2005). There is a positive relationship between export increases and concentration if an increase in exports reduces average cost because of scale economies from increased market size, and as a result producers engaged in exporting activities should be able to increase their market share. Because a larger market size resulting from export opportunities can support more producers, a negative relationship is more likely if the economies of scale in production or distribution are not that important. Paralleling these theoretical developments in the industrial organization and international trade theory, there are a number of empirical studies examining the effects of trade liberalization on the price-cost margins. The result of the studies point out that an import increase has a negative impact on the price cost mark-ups of highly concentrated industries. The EU is an exception to these studies because it suggests that there is no systematic evidence of the import discipline hypothesis for the EU economy (Nagy, 2005). Regarding the pro-competitive effect of economic integration, a study of Bottaso confirms the view that economic integration reduces the price cost mark-ups for Italy and Spain. The idea of a free custom union around Europe emerged in 1950 as Customs Unions and Free trade areas have been seen as a step towards global free trade. This was previously supported by a provision on GATT 1947 Article I that required non discriminatory â€Å"MFN† trade. However, Art. XXIV allowed CUs/FTAs covering â€Å"substantially all† trade and if overall degree of protection was no higher although the provision was not well defined as it created a further dilemma particularly on the implementation stage of the process. Krugman argued that dividing the world into 3 blocs was worst possible outcome through impact on those excluded but later said benefits of deeper integration positive when â€Å"Natural† Blocs form. Kemp and Wan 1976 showed that any customs union could be welfare enhancing if the right tariff taxes and subsidies were adopted.   But high tariff CUs can have adverse terms of trade effects on an EU member’s partners and on trade partners. â€Å"Deep integration† can credibly ensure trade barriers not replaced by â€Å"domestic† measures:   trade barriers now often â€Å"non-border measures† and change business expectations. Economies of Scale Analysis Recent academic studies regarding international trade gives us specific gains from trade derived from theories both from classical and neo-classical economic approaches. Among what these theories suggests is the pro-competitive effects of trade liberalization with the emphasis on the expansion of the market size in terms relative to the change in the number of firms that are present. Consequently, the pro-competitive effects advocate that trade differentiates the intensity of competition in the market; including the company’s price cost mark-ups, their relative scale and production output. New several theoretical readings regarding international trade have had several implications upon the European Union economic customs integration. The purpose and significance of the welfare services involved in the new theory applied to the regional economic integration has widened the range of possible benefits from the European Union countries’ integration further than that put forward by the standard customs union theory patterned on a perfect competition structure and constant returns to scale (Akkoyunlu-Wigley, 2005). Accordingly, one of vital issue is that customs union theory concentrates more on the outcome of the economic integration rather than the market structure efficiency and the productivity of firms. For that reason customs union theory is not anymore viewed as one theory subsequent to the classical Vinerian ideas of the conception of trade and trade diversions. It is often debated that the pro-competitive aspect of trade liberalization is suitable under both the theory of monopolistic competition and the oligopolistic market structures. Obtained on the assumption of monopolistic competition, it is illustrated that trade liberalization leads to an increase in firms scale and decrease in average cost and prices by increasing the elasticity of demand. Likewise, under the theory of oligopolistic interaction between the European Union member countries, trade liberalization also creates a decrease in price cost mark-ups and produces an increase in the overall firm scale by heavily moving the market power of the firm in home markets (Akkoyunlu-Wigley, 2005). With respect to the pro competitive implication in the case of customs union, the significance of the pro-competitive effect as one of the outcomes of customs union and propose that regional ones, such as the European Union oppose global unions that will then intensify the pro-competitive result. Specifically, due to the production shifting effect, the exact figure of firms in a country that would boost the integrated area involved which in turn would reduce the home market shares of companies in the European Union. Alternatively, new empirical studies also show developed industrial organization theories that test the implications of trading on the current market structure as well as profitability. The â€Å"import discipline hypothesis† within the framework of the SCP paradigm is being tested as far as import liberalization is concerned. Then again, industrial organization theory also looks onto the implications of imports on price-cost margins (Akkoyunlu-Wigley, 2005). Similarly, an increase in imports of EU countries for instance as a result of trade liberalization would cause a decline in the price-cost margin by means of reduction in the market power of domestic firms or through the increase in competition. Also, since the competing imports will increase, the number of alternatives available to domestic consumers will increase and may raise the demand elasticity and therefore reduce the price-cost margins. Likewise, the other countries that have an interest in replicating what Europe had done may not necessarily run after the economic integration just so to experience the benefit it curtails. Some countries may not really have to. Instead, what governments must do to replicate the benefits without risking much of the variable discussed is through the multilateral cutting of the tariffs that the involved countries may have on certain products that either one or both of them produce. The concept of competitive advantage enters here as the devaluation that would follow suit which would create and ensure a full employment for both countries involved. Growth Effects Analysis The first systematic albeit descriptive investigation of output effects of economic integration was carried out under the heading â€Å"dynamic effects of integration†. According to Balassa these dynamic effects are rooted in internal and external economies of scale, faster technological progress as a result of economies of scale in the R&D-sector, enhanced competition, and reduced uncertainty, the creation of a more favorable environment for economic activity and lower costs of capital due to the integration of financial markets. The revival of growth theory in the mid-80s led to a more formal reconsideration of the effects of integration on growth and shed more light on the questions involved (Badinger, 2001). At the outset, a terminological clarification is in order here. The most important distinction relates to the persistence of the effects of economic integration on the growth rate: Permanent growth effects lead to a change in the steady-state growth rate, resulting in a steeper growth path of the economy. On the other hand there are temporary growth effects (or level effects), which cause only an upward shift of the growth path, while leaving its slope unchanged in the long-run, i.e. after the transition period the growth rate falls back to its steady-state level. Following the level effects can be further subdivided into static effects that lead to more output from the same amount of inputs and dynamic effects that â€Å"influence the accumulation of factors†. Also referring to the channels through which growth effects materialize the terms â€Å"integration-induced technology-led growth† and â€Å"integration-induced investment-led growth† (Badinger, 2001). Although first used in the context of level effects, this distinction equivalently applies to permanent growth effects. To analyze the consequences of integration for economic growth in a systematic way, two lines of theory have to be distinguished: neoclassical and endogenous growth theory. In neoclassical growth theory, economic integration and other institutional aspects or economic policy measures have no effect on the steady-state growth rate, which is solely determined by the exogenous rate of technological progress. As a result of diminishing returns to capital the capital stock and output per efficient worker grow only to the point where the investment ratio equals depreciation plus the rate of technological progress (for constant labor). (Badinger, 2001) The growth of capital stock and output per worker in equilibrium is then given by the constant rate of technological progress (g). Institutional changes, increases in efficiency or changes in the investment-ratio have only temporary effects on the growth rate; after a transition period it falls back to its steady-state level. Thus, neoclassical growth theory clearly rejects the hypothesis of permanent growth effects. Nevertheless, both static and dynamic level effects occur. Static effects arise from three main sources: lower trade costs, increased competition and enhanced factor mobility. This increase in efficiency leads to more output from the same amount of inputs in a first round (static effects). But this is not the end of the story. Given a constant investment-ratio, the increase in output also leads to higher investment and an increase in the capital stock, which in turn increases output in a second round (dynamic effects). Conclusion The European Union is the concern over the effects on competitiveness of the member countries when it comes to pricing behavior and market structure. The European Stock Markets indicate that the higher the volume of trade the lower the price will be and the price cost margins as well as industry market power. It is then safe to assume that the liberalization of trade would eventually cause gains in output and welfare. However, articles on trade liberalization bring out flaws regarding the effects of custom unions about the ability to raise trade volumes on the market structure and price cost margins of industries. Studying the implications of key variables involved, related indicators on the European Union member countries after the implementation of the customs union between the 1950’s and to date, it can be concluded that the volume of the internal trade within the manufacturing industry of EU member countries significantly increased on the average. Furthermore, the price cost and concentration ratios of the manufacturing industry declined on the average during the same time frame. As we examine the relationship that is causal between the increasing volumes of trade with EU countries and the decreasing cost of price margins as well as the concentration ratios of the manufacturing industry sector.   Price cost margins and concentration ratio equations will then use trade ratios with EU countries as explanatory variables in order to interpret the results obtained.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Results on estimation that are presented in this paper present the effect of pro-competitive increase in trade volumes of the EU member countries. We then estimate the price cost margin equation to illustrate an inverse relationship between the margins and import ratios. This implicates a theory that when there is a rise in import to the EU countries after the creation of a customs union would then create a competitive effect and would cause the decrease in price of cost margins within the manufacturing industry. Such an inverse relation supports the point that trade volume increases and export levels within EU countries are forcing the companies in the manufacturing industry to implement lower price cost margins (Breuss, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, it can be said that the creation of a customs union and the rise in the levels of trade volume within European Union countries seemingly illustrates an increase in competitive gridlocks which will end up in falling price cost margins in certain countries. At the same time, putting an emphasis in the manufacturing industry, positive implications of trade liberalization in the aftermath of the establishment of customs unions is also supported with the results of the estimation schemes intended for the concentration ratio equation. Furthermore, a negative strong correlation can be found between the import variables and the Herfindahl concentration ratios. The concept suggests that raising outputs as well as the imports to the European Union will bring down the marginalized concentration ratios and seclude the market power in the manufacturing industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also according to the results of the estimation method, it would look like that there is no direct relation between the export variables used and the concentration ratios for the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the concentration ratio equation estimate directs that unobserved time which is previously deemed insignificant and the invariant sector specific factors are as well responsible for the variations in the concentration sectors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In total, still according to the estimation results, it can be suggested that the increase in trade volumes brings about beneficial implications on the European Union economy as a whole after the custom union period through the increase in competitive pressure coming form other EU member countries as well as the one for falling mark-ups on prices of consumer goods and market power. Therefore, it would be then be concluded that implications on the welfare side of the economies involved are results of varying changes in the pricing behavior as well as the entire market structure of the European Union member countries. Bibliography:    AKKOYUNLU-WIGLEY, A. (2005) â€Å"Effects of Customs Union with European Union on the Market Structure and Pricing Behaviour of Turkish Manufacturing Industry†. Pearson Education International. BADINGER, H. (2001) Growth Effects of Economic Integration – The Case of the EU Member States(1950 – 2000). Center for European Studies. BREUSS, F. (2001) â€Å"WTO Dispute Settlement from an Economic Perspective – More Failure than Success†. Center for European Studies. DE YOUNG, R. (2000) Efficiency Barriers to the Consolidation of the European Union. Center for European Policy Studies. NAGY, M. (2005) Bank Efficiency in the Enlarged European Union. European Commission.

Intelligences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Intelligences - Essay Example r all, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division have lots of uses in daily life, if only to figure out how much to pay for fries and burgers and how much change you’re supposed to get back. Arithmetic was easy as 1-2-3. But algebra was not as easy as A-B-C, and I didn’t get it why letters had to substitute for the numbers when numbers were just fine for me. And trigonometry really lost me; its use of Greek symbols spelled Greek to me. But I do think a lot about people. People interest me, and I find them fascinating. It seems to me that people are the same everywhere in the world, despite differences in culture, faith, and ideologies. We nevertheless all agree where it really matters. We all love our children and look after their welfare the best way we can. We all regard our parents with love and respect, even if we show it in different ways. And with the advent of the internet, we are all quickly gravitating towards a single culture. We swoon over the same movie stars and dance to the same music. We share common experiences with each other even if we had never met. That’s why I feel I easily understand people. I am people-intelligent. Also dance-intelligent, so to speak. When dance music plays, feet come to life, hips sway to the beat, arms flail in the air. They say that we gain our sense of rhythm from the beating of our mothers’ hearts as we grew in the womb. Maybe so, in which case there shouldn’t be any reason for people to say they were born with two left feet as an excuse for why they can’t dance. Unless they really had two left feet. Not me. I was born to dance. But most of all, I think that I am best at being a mom. There’s no school that could teach how one can be a good parent; you just are, or you aren’t. All the universities in the world could not teach a mother to understand the different ways her infant cries – that he has a different cry when he’s hungry, or irritated, or wet, or sick; or to

Atmosphere Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Atmosphere - Essay Example Firstly, the sense gives people the opportunity of knowing the designation of all their body parts and the activities they can facilitate. They also know the way the body parts move, their effectiveness and how to act in response to stimuli. The process is actualized through sensation and perception that facilitates processing of sensory data and interpretation to give credible meaning. The brain processes the information taken by the eyes and the body produces reflex actions as well as coordinated movements to respond to the external stimuli in a way that makes it the most convenient for the body to move in the given space and the challenges contained therein. Therefore, the elements greatly influence the direction of movement in space. Atmosphere has a direct as well as indirect influence on body movement. For example, while an individual enclosed in a closet or a lift has very little room to shift from one place to another and thus cannot make significant movements even if the ind ividual desires so; an individual hiding underneath a tree holding onto its trunk chooses not to make significant movements while an earthquake is happening in an attempt to keep safe and not catch significant harm. The difference between the two examples is that in the former, atmosphere places direct restrictions on the movement of the body whereas in the latter, external stimuli and factors contained in the atmosphere indirectly restrict the movement of the body. The restraints in the first example are mechanical or physical whereas those in the second example are abstract and a result of the interplay of the mind and body of the individual in the scenario. The relationship between atmosphere and body movement can be elaborated with the help of another example; an individual may see an object from a distance through light reflection and develop interest in acquiring it personally.

The Advantage of Knowing the Business Environment Research Paper

The Advantage of Knowing the Business Environment - Research Paper Example As the discussion highlights  information technology has been the driving force of economic development, while reformist asserts that government contributes to changes in the environment through their monetary and fiscal policy. Government legislates regulation that the companies are mandated to follow such as labor codes, and health and sanitation; hence, the firms’ movement is restricted. Moreover, they are subjected to international and local policies that may alter their business strategies. Although globalization has been associated with the trends in technological innovation, it also signifies the penetration of an international firm to local markets. Business sectors that aim to expand their market size are governed by the political, economic, and social norms.This paper stresses that the view of Keynesian on the role of government is significant in studying the market. Government shapes the operation of a globalized firm. However, with the integration of the internet , global marketers have reached their prospect consumers where no boundaries are set. An example of a global firm is KFC, an American fast-food sector that successfully integrates the Chinese market.  Marketing research is the strategy used by firms to gather relevant information as their basis in devising a marketing plan. The purpose of marketing research is to gain competitive advantage and reduce uncertainty. Competitive Advantage Marketing research aims to study the environment of a particular area. The environment contains factors that can affect the business operation. In studying the local market, STEP analysis is employed. STEP stands for social, technological, economic, and political factors that are relevant in determining the success of a company. Social factors refer to the demographics (e.g. age, gender, and education), class, values, and etc. To effectively capture the target market of KFC, they must research on the lifestyle, values, and other social attributes necessary in formulating a marketing strategy. The target markets of KFC are younger generation, since they are opened for foreign influence compared to older people. Moreover, technology is utilized in selling products and services. For an instance, KFC must determine the number of households with online access and their pattern of using the internet to become their basis of choosing a medium for adverts. On the one hand, the economic and p olitical factors are relevant in shaping the marketing strategy of a firm. They are concerned with the macro and micro economics that may affect the stability of a company. Thus, the information gathered are compiled and studied to construct a comprehensive plan in winning the market. Gould (2008, p.4) suggests another method of ensuring the company’s success is through SWOT analysis. This analysis is centered on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the external and internal environment of firms. The company enables to know their weaknesses and devise a ‘defensive’ strategy to counteract the ‘offensive’ strategy of the competitors. Thus, if the competitors strike, the company

News Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Article - Essay Example ah’s tribulations began when a villager was incensed when Christian literature earmarked for Sherif Ramses’ store was accidentally delivered to him. Consequently, scores of Christians were rounded up by the Preventative Security Unit (an Islamic militia group), before being incarcerated in the absence of any formal charges, in a Tripoli jail (Morning Star News, March 14, 2013). According to the Morning Star News (March 14, 2013), while in the militia’s custody, Atallah like other Christian prisoners was severely beaten, tortured through electrocution by the militia and denied proper medical treatment by the medical personnel on duty, on March 6. To show for the extent of state apathy, the Libyan government explained away Atallah’s death which occurred on March 10, as having been caused by high blood pressure and collapsing. The embassy of Egypt on the other hand explained Atallah’s death as a culmination of natural causes. Morning Star News, (March 14, 2013) reports that these incidences sparked protests by the Coptic Solidarity, an advocacy group in Washington DC. The caucus demonstrated in front of the Libyan embassy, condemned Atallah’s murder and the failure on Egypt government’s part to defend its citizens, while calling for: the release of all Egyptians who had been charged with evangelization in Libya; and an investigation into Hakim Atallah’s death. The bereaved in Atallah’s murder include an 11-year-old daughter, a 15-year-old son and a widow, Mrs. Ragaa Abdallah. Atallah and his compatriot Ramses ran phone sales business and owned a bookshop which stocked Christian and secular literature, respectively. Apparently, members of the Preventative Security Unit used Ramses’ mobile phone to identify and apprehend other Christians in the area. The news item reveals the challenges of the 21st century faith as being caused by religious intolerance. It is a fact that the state-instigated religious persecution being meted out against

Social Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Social Security - Essay Example   Going by the success of his 2004 re-election campaign, President Bush listed Social Security reforms as his primary domestic priority, regarding which he received ample support from many Republican stalwarts (Galston, 2007).   The whole premise behind this advocacy of a partial and systematic privatization of the Social Security Program was that this program was getting way too unwieldy and was poised to get financially unviable in the times to come (Galston, 2007). The annual report submitted by Social Security Board of Trustees in the year 2009 estimated that the program was poised to register a massive shortfall to the amount of US Dollar 15 trillion over a period of 75 years in the times to come (Social Security Administration, 2009).   This gave credence to the claims made by the Republicans that the only way to make Social Security pragmatic and financially viable was to systematically transfer the social security taxes towards the creation of private investment funds, engaging in large scale borrowing by the government to sustain the immediate Social Security liabilities and to plan drastic cuts in the social security aimed at the future retirees, believing that the gains made by the private investment funds will compensate for these cuts.   This proposal was further supported by the statistical evidence pointing towards the fact that the Federal mandatory spending primarily covering Social Security and social insurance entitlements was also soaring every successive year.

Letter to the grand duchess christina by galileo Essay

Letter to the grand duchess christina by galileo - Essay Example In explaining the concept of ‘two truths’, Galileo holds to the view that both the scriptures and science are true and the two truths do not contradict one another. Galileo supported his concept of two truths by giving examples that explaining how both science and scriptures reveal the truths about the universe and the nature of God. How Galileo supported his concept of the ‘two truths’ In order to support his statement that the scriptures and science are true and they do not contradict one another, Galileo states that the two truths proceed from the divine word. However, he makes it clear that discussions of physical problems has to start from necessary demonstration and sense experiences and not from scriptural experiences. in regard to science verses th scriptures, Galileo states that we should not believe anything any howly least we hold some prejudice against something that is later to be proofed not to be contrary to the scriptures. Galileo explains th at God is revealed first through nature and then again by doctrine. The revelation by nature comes through his works and revelation by doctrine comes through his revealed word (Drake 182).The scriptures explain that God is the creator of all. He made the heaven, the universe, earth and all in it. Galileo’s agreement with this is seen where he complains of having been accused as by other philosophers as if he has placed things in the sky to overturn sciences and upset nature. In essence, he meant that scientific discoveries are in no way a contradiction of the scriptural revelation of God as the creator but a proof of it. It helps to bring out the things he has created. Through the scriptures, we get to learn that God created man and this automatically qualifies human intellect, senses and reason as things given by God. The same God who granted the senses and reasons cannot deny the people the entrusted the intellect, senses and reasons not to use them. Galileo also argues tha t he does not believe the same God who gave us intellect, reason and senses has intended to forego their use and decided to give human beings knowledge through another means yet it is knowledge that they could have obtained through the use of the reason, senses and intellect (Drake 183). At the same time, God has revealed about the universe and nature through the scriptures. For example, he mentions oceans, clouds, deserts, animals, heavenly bodies like sun, moon and stars among others. It also reveals the functions or functioning of some for example the sun giving light. However, these revelations and explanation are not in totality. For example they do not explain how the heavenly bodies are positioned and move about relative to one another. This means there was a chance for men to use the reasons and senses entrusted to them to discover the details of these creations and therefore discoveries are never a contradiction of the scriptures. As seen above, science helps to explain to those who believe in the scriptures some of the truths that the scriptures does not bring out plainly. As Galileo reveals, some of these questions are those asked by believers of the scriptures for example the motion of heaven. One question that emerges from the brethren is, if heaven is fixed, then how do stars that are fixed to it move from east to west? (Taylor 93). It is obvious they mean how the stars move round the earth because the scriptures reveal that heaven is where God dwells and it is a spiritual place. This means that it is not visible with the mortal eyes and

Enhancing Security in System Administration Assignment

Enhancing Security in System Administration - Assignment Example Contextually, it can be affirmed that an operating system is usually viewed to be one of the major fundamental aspects concerning improving the security of every computing system by a considerable level. It can be argued in this similar regard that secured programs require safe operating system and ignorance of this may lead to failure. In other words, operating systems must be capable of ensuring effective execution of various programs as well as mechanisms effectively and most vitally enabling high performance use of various computer resources. Ensuring secure performance of all operational processes largely relies on accurate implementation of different hardware resources and scheduling mechanisms (Jaeger, 2008). Specially mentioning, the security threats associated with various system administrators are recently receiving increasing attention driven by series of events resulting in significant damage due to security threats. The primary challenges related with system administrato r can be attributed by taking into concern certain significant aspects like security and manageability. In practice, operating systems require various tasks that need to be executed in order to make sure that the system operations impose extensive impact on sensitive user data and process. For instance, adding and removing various software systems and drivers may result in causing the user data to be at risk through corruption, leakages and losses (Scarfone, Janseen & Tracy, 2012).) With this concern, the primary purpose of this paper is to develop, document and assess best practices for server deployment and administration that would eventually support and enhance the security of Megacorp towards upgrading its new operating system. 1. Enhancing Security a. Before Server Deployments Deployment of servers in any organization is costly and daunting. The servers provide broad array of services to internal as well as external users and stores along with delivers different sensitive info rmation to the organizations. Moreover, servers are frequently introduced by the intruders in order to gain unauthorized access of valuable data and other services. There exist certain few common threats to servers that have been represented below: Malicious objects may use software bugs in the server or its operating system in order to gain unofficial access to the server Denial of service (DoS) might also be directed to secondary network infrastructure, deterring the valid users to execute the server services Sensitive information stored in the main server may get access by the intruders or may change in an unauthorized manner Sensitive data or information that are transferred or encrypted amid the servers and thus the client may get interrupted by unauthorized users. Correspondingly, it can be admitted that it is often more difficult to address the security of servers after the deployment or the implementation of effective operation systems. Thus, security should be prudently mea sured from the preliminary stage of planning. It is essential to make effective decisions about determining the configurations of various information systems appropriately and consistently in order to ensure effective outcome of the deployment plan. It has been ascertained that organizations often fail to address dissimilar human resource associated